Stress

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Questions and Answers

What is the rate/power of PCr?

PCr has very high ATP production quickly

What is the rate/power of Glycolysis?

Glycolysis has mid power/production

What is the rate/power of OP?

OP has slowly power/production in a given amount of time

What is the capacity/duration of PCr?

PCr has low capacity and short duration (~10 s) Signup and view all the answers

What is the capacity/duration of Glycolysis?

Glycolysis has mid capacity/duration (30s-2mins) Signup and view all the answers

What is the capacity/duration of OP?

OP has the highest duration (2 min-rest of exercise) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when PCr fatigues?

PCr fatigues very quickly Signup and view all the answers

What happens when Glycolysis fatigues?

Glycolysis fatigues mid Signup and view all the answers

What happens when OP fatigues?

OP doesn't really fatigue Signup and view all the answers

How long does it take for PCr to recover?

PCr recovers quickly (within seconds) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the body's countershock response?

To attain an elevated steady state and restore homeostasis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of overtraining?

Exhaustion and fatigue, making it difficult to recover. Signup and view all the answers

How much ATP is stored in muscle?

Approximately 3-8 mmol/kg. Signup and view all the answers

What are the products when ATP is broken down?

ADP + P1 (+energy). Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of ATPase?

Myosin ATPase, Calcium ATPase, Na+ and K+ ATPase. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary energy source during anaerobic alactic metabolism?

Phosphocreatine (PCr). Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary energy source during anaerobic lactic metabolism?

Glycolysis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary energy source during aerobic metabolism?

Oxidative phosphorylation (OP). Signup and view all the answers

Which energy system accounts for 99% of energy production throughout life?

Aerobic metabolism. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three characteristics of the energy systems?

<ol> <li>Substrate: PCr, Glycolysis, Aerobic; 2) Inertia: PCr, Glycolysis, Aerobic; 3) Dominance: PCr, Glycolysis, Aerobic.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)?

LDH takes pyruvate and converts it into lactate, and vice versa. Signup and view all the answers

How many isoforms of LDH are there?

There are 5 isoforms of LDH: LDH1-5. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between LDH1-2 and LDH4-5?

LDH1-2 prefer to convert lactate into pyruvate, while LDH4-5 prefer to convert pyruvate into lactate. Signup and view all the answers

Which isoforms of LDH are more predominant in slow twitch muscle fibers?

LDH1-2 is more predominant in slow twitch (type I) muscle fibers. Signup and view all the answers

Which isoforms of LDH are mostly found in fast twitch muscle fibers?

LDH1-5 is mostly found in fast twitch (type II) muscle fibers. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two categories of muscle fiber types?

The two categories of muscle fiber types are fast twitch (type II) and slow twitch (type I). Signup and view all the answers

What is the equilibrium enzyme meaning of LDH?

LDH is a bidirectional enzyme, meaning it can convert pyruvate into lactate, and lactate into pyruvate. Signup and view all the answers

Does LDH convert 100% of pyruvate into lactate?

No, LDH does not convert 100% of pyruvate into lactate. Signup and view all the answers

Does LDH convert 100% of lactate into pyruvate?

No, LDH does not convert 100% of lactate into pyruvate. Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass effect that drives the reactions of LDH?

The mass effect, or concentration of reactants, drives the reactions of LDH. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Energy Systems

PCr (Phosphocreatine) has a high power output, but limited capacity, making it ideal for short, high-intensity efforts.
Glycolysis has a moderate power output and moderate capacity, making it suitable for medium-duration, high-intensity efforts.
Oxidative Phosphorylation (OP) has a low power output, but high capacity, making it suitable for long-duration, low-intensity efforts.

Capacity and Duration

PCr has a capacity of 10-15 seconds, with a duration of 1-3 minutes to recover.
Glycolysis has a capacity of 30-60 seconds, with a duration of 20-30 minutes to recover.
OP has a capacity of several hours, with a duration of 1-2 hours to recover.

Fatigue

When PCr fatigues, ATP production slows down, and fatigue sets in.
When Glycolysis fatigues, lactic acid builds up, and fatigue sets in.
When OP fatigues, ATP production slows down, and fatigue sets in.

Recovery

PCr takes 1-3 minutes to recover.

Countershock Response

The body's countershock response is a mechanism to maintain blood pressure and prevent cardiovascular collapse.

Overtraining

Overtraining results in decreased performance, fatigue, and increased risk of injury.

ATP Storage

Only 2-3 mmol of ATP is stored in muscle.

ATP Breakdown

When ATP is broken down, it produces ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate) and Pi (Inorganic Phosphate).

ATPase

There are three types of ATPase: Ca2+ ATPase, Na+/K+ ATPase, and H+ ATPase.

Energy Sources

The primary energy source during anaerobic alactic metabolism is PCr.
The primary energy source during anaerobic lactic metabolism is Glycolysis.
The primary energy source during aerobic metabolism is OP.
Aerobic metabolism accounts for 99% of energy production throughout life.

Characteristics of Energy Systems

The three characteristics of energy systems are power, capacity, and duration.

Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)

LDH is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactate and vice versa.
There are five isoforms of LDH: LDH1, LDH2, LDH3, LDH4, and LDH5.
LDH1-2 are more predominant in slow-twitch muscle fibers, while LDH4-5 are mostly found in fast-twitch muscle fibers.
The equilibrium enzyme meaning of LDH is that it can convert pyruvate to lactate and vice versa.
LDH does not convert 100% of pyruvate into lactate or vice versa.
The mass effect drives the reactions of LDH.

Muscle Fiber Types

There are two categories of muscle fiber types: slow-twitch (Type I) and fast-twitch (Type II).

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Description

Test your knowledge on stress, adaptation, and the body's energy continuum with this quiz. Explore the stages of shock, countershock, and exhaustion, as well as the breakdown of ATP and its role in recovery.