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Stress Fractures in Athletes
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Stress Fractures in Athletes

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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of navicular stress fractures in runners?

  • Painful only with walking or on flat feet
  • Painful only with running or on toes (correct)
  • Painful only with cycling or on pedals
  • Painful only with jumping or on heels

    • What is a common location of chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS)?

  • Medial compartment
  • Posterior compartment
  • Lateral compartment
  • Anterior compartment (correct)

    • What is a significant factor in the treatment of stress fractures?

  • Aggressive physical therapy
  • Immediate surgical intervention
  • Offloading based on pain level (correct)
  • Pain masking with medications

    • What is a typical feature of chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS)?

    <p>Gradually increasing pain with activity in a specific area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consideration for surgical intervention in stress fractures?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge in diagnosing chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS)?

    <p>There is no noninvasive measurement technique accepted as an equivalent alternative to direct pressure measurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of rehabilitation for an acute ankle sprain?

    <p>Decrease pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the surgical treatment option for Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome (CECS)?

    <p>Fasciotomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the return to sport/activity rate for athletes who undergo compartment release surgery for CECS?

    <p>70-80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common injury seen in sports medicine clinics?

    <p>Acute Ankle Sprain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sport-specific consideration for injury prevention?

    <p>Type of running surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a treatment option considered when all other non-surgical options have been exhausted?

    <p>Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the study by Saxena et al. published in JFAS 2017?

    <p>Treatment of Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome with Radial Soundwave Therapy in Elite Athletes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which publication focuses on dynamic techniques for clinical assessment of the athlete?

    <p>Clin Podiatr Med Surg 32</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the title of the publication by Velasco and Leggit in 2020?

    <p>Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome: A Clinical Update</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the study by Saxena et al. published in FAI 2006?

    <p>Navicular Stress Fractures in Athletes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which publication discusses compartment syndrome treatment?

    <p>UptoDate 2022</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the topic of the publication by B Fullem in UptoDate 2022?

    <p>Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of athletes return to sport or activity after compartment release surgery for Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome (CECS)?

    <p>70-80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of Acute Ankle Sprains?

    <p>Most commonly affect the lateral collateral ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a goal of rehabilitation for an injured athlete?

    <p>Improve gait pattern and closed kinetic chain motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered when determining the severity of an Acute Ankle Sprain?

    <p>Exam, pain to palpation, and instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of initial treatment for Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome?

    <p>Reducing pain and inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a treatment option considered when all other non-surgical options have been exhausted?

    <p>Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a factor that influences the healing rate of an injury in athletes?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended rate of mileage increase to minimize the risk of injury in novice runners?

    <p>10% per week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key distinguishing feature between Stress Fractures and Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome?

    <p>Pattern of pain (focal vs. diffuse)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common location of Stress Fractures in athletes?

    <p>Tibia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important consideration in the rehabilitation protocol for Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome?

    <p>Gradual return to activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of inadequately treating Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome?

    <p>Complete fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of sports injuries seen in sports medicine specialty clinics are injuries to the foot and ankle?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common risk factor for developing Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (MTSS) and Anterior Tibial Stress Syndrome (ATSS)?

    <p>Gastrosoleal tightness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (MTSS) and Anterior Tibial Stress Syndrome (ATSS)?

    <p>Pain initially while running, improving with time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common factor contributing to running injuries?

    <p>Training on hard surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a focus of rehabilitation programs for athletes with lower extremity injuries?

    <p>Returning to sport with a focus on prevention of future injuries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common biomechanical factor contributing to running injuries?

    <p>External rotation of the hip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of stress fractures in athletes?

    <p>Pain that improves with rest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for obtaining x-rays in chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS)?

    <p>To rule out other pathologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) in athletes?

    <p>Relief of symptoms with rest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key differentiating feature between medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) and anterior tibial stress syndrome (ATSS)?

    <p>Location of pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consideration for surgical intervention in athletes with stress fractures?

    <p>Displaced navicular stress fractures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS)?

    <p>Gradually increasing pain with activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common risk factor for developing medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS)?

    <p>Rapid increase in mileage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a treatment option for chronic compartment syndrome?

    <p>Compartment release surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of advanced imaging in the diagnosis of stress fractures?

    <p>Particularly useful in tarsal bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key diagnostic criterion for Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome?

    <p>One-minute post-exercise pressure ≥ 30mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common location of chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS)?

    <p>Anterior compartment of the leg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of initial treatment for Acute Ankle Sprains?

    <p>Decrease pain and inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS)?

    <p>Dull ache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a focus of rehabilitation programs for athletes with lower extremity injuries?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a factor that influences the healing rate of an injury in athletes?

    <p>Degree of injury and prior level of conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) therapy?

    <p>Enhancing tissue regeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the return to sport/activity rate for athletes who undergo compartment release surgery for Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome (CECS)?

    <p>70-80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common injury seen in sports medicine clinics, affecting the lateral collateral ligaments?

    <p>Acute Ankle Sprain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of inadequately treating chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS)?

    <p>Impaired local tissue perfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of anterior tibial stress syndrome (ATSS)?

    <p>Notoriously slow to heal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for obtaining x-rays in chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS)?

    <p>To rule out other pathology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key differentiating feature between medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) and anterior tibial stress syndrome (ATSS)?

    <p>Location of the pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common risk factor for developing medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) and anterior tibial stress syndrome (ATSS)?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of advanced imaging in the diagnosis of stress fractures?

    <p>Particularly useful in tarsal bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the intracompartmental pressure criteria for diagnosing Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome (CECS)?

    <p>One-minute post-exercise pressure ≥ 30mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of athletes return to sport or activity after undergoing compartment release surgery for CECS?

    <p>70-80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common factor that influences the healing rate of an injury in athletes?

    <p>Age and prior level of conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the initial treatment for Acute Ankle Sprains?

    <p>Reduce pain and inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism underlying the development of chronic exertional compartment syndrome?

    <p>Abnormal biomechanics leading to increased pressure within the compartment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered when determining the severity of an Acute Ankle Sprain?

    <p>Pain to palpation and instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common characteristic of anterior tibial stress syndrome?

    <p>Pain and tenderness localized to the anterior tibia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a treatment option considered when all other non-surgical options have been exhausted for Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome?

    <p>Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of compartment release surgery for chronic exertional compartment syndrome?

    <p>To decompress the affected compartment and relieve pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common risk factor for developing medial tibial stress syndrome?

    <p>Abnormal biomechanics and overpronation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between chronic exertional compartment syndrome and dyskinesia?

    <p>Chronic exertional compartment syndrome is characterized by pain and inflammation, while dyskinesia is characterized by abnormal movement patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of radial soundwave therapy in the treatment of medial tibial stress syndrome?

    <p>To reduce pain and inflammation in the affected area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential complication that can occur due to plantar fasciotomy surgery?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consideration to prevent nerve damage during plantar fasciotomy surgery?

    <p>Incision placement along relaxed skin tension lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of managing biomechanical disturbances in patients with plantar fasciitis?

    <p>To adjust and accommodate structures with time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach to address recalcitrant heel pain before considering surgical intervention?

    <p>Considering 'zebras' before proceeding with surgical intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of managing complications in plantar fasciotomy patients?

    <p>To prevent long-term morbidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of patients can be successfully managed with well-executed non-surgical care?

    <p>90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Plantar Fasciotomy using EPF?

    <p>It provides great visualization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complication that can arise from Plantar Fasciotomy?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of prevention in Plantar Fasciotomy?

    <p>To prevent nerve damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Microdebridement in Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA)?

    <p>To destroy dystrophic and fibrotic tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can complications be best addressed in Plantar Fasciotomy?

    <p>By preventing them in the first place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of rehabilitation after Plantar Fasciotomy?

    <p>To promote healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) therapy in treating chronic heel pain?

    <p>Stimulation of a healing cascade through the influx of growth factors and cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical presentation of infracalcaneal bursitis?

    <p>Focal pain to the central and slightly posterior plantar heel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common systemic condition that can cause chronic heel pain?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for surgical intervention in chronic heel pain?

    <p>Failure of conservative therapies for at least 6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common complication of chronic heel pain?

    <p>Recurrence of symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of nonsurgical treatment for chronic heel pain?

    <p>To manage symptoms and prevent recurrence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) therapy over corticosteroid injections?

    <p>No difference in outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of iontophoresis in treating chronic heel pain?

    <p>Enhanced delivery of topical medications through the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for using Astym/Dry needling in treating chronic heel pain?

    <p>Failure of conservative therapies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of the Endoscopic Plantar Fasciotomy (EPF) procedure?

    <p>Great visualization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of addressing complications in plantar fasciotomy?

    <p>To avoid them in the first place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA)?

    <p>Uses focused radiofrequency energy to break molecular bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication associated with plantar fasciotomy?

    <p>Nerve damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of immediate weightbearing after a small gauze bandage is applied?

    <p>To allow for immediate mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reported patient satisfaction rate for Endoscopic Plantar Fasciotomy (EPF)?

    <p>60-80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the surgical technique described in the 'Two-Portal Endoscopic Plantar Fascia Release' article?

    <p>releasing the plantar fascia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the procedure described in the 'Heel Surgery (Plantar Fascial Release)' PowerPoint presentation?

    <p>Plantar fascia release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the article 'Plantar Fasciitis: A Degenerative Process (Fasciosis) Without Inflammation', what is the underlying pathology of plantar fasciitis?

    <p>Degenerative process of the plantar fascia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of patient education for individuals with plantar fasciitis?

    <p>To instruct on proper footwear and foot mechanics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the systematic literature review that discusses the current standard of therapy for rupture of the plantar fascia?

    <p>Debus et al.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the release of the plantar fascia, as described in the 'Two-Portal Endoscopic Plantar Fascia Release' article?

    <p>Fasciotomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the neurolysis technique in plantar fasciotomy?

    <p>To evaluate the neurovascular bundle and release adhesions as needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the nerve that is released during the neurolysis technique in plantar fasciotomy?

    <p>Baxter's nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of identifying the fascial plane during the open technique of heel spur resection?

    <p>To avoid larger branches of the medial calcaneal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the open and percutaneous approaches of heel spur resection?

    <p>The type of incision used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the operation described by DuVries in 1957?

    <p>Heel spur resection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of releasing the plantar fascia during heel spur resection?

    <p>To release the tension on the plantar fascia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a histological finding in heel spur resection samples, according to Lemont et al (2003)?

    <p>Inflammation is never present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the condition also known as 'distal tarsal tunnel syndrome'?

    <p>Baxter's Neuritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for partial or complete rupture of the plantar fascia?

    <p>Plantar fascia rupture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a condition often concomitant with tarsal tunnel syndrome?

    <p>Plantar fasciitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a diagnostic tool used to help differentiate tarsal tunnel syndrome from other causes of plantar heel pain?

    <p>NCS/EMG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary underlying mechanism of plantar fasciitis?

    <p>Increased traction on the calcaneus during gait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the heel spur in plantar fasciitis?

    <p>It is a common finding in asymptomatic individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between plantar fasciitis and plantar fasciosis?

    <p>Fasciitis is an inflammatory condition, while fasciosis is a degenerative condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of plantar fasciitis?

    <p>Post-static dyskinesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common differential diagnosis of plantar fasciitis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial step in the open technique of heel spur resection?

    <p>Incision placement to avoid larger branches of medial calcaneal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of neurolysis in the context of heel spur treatment?

    <p>To relieve compression on the nerve and surrounding tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following approaches is NOT a common method for plantar fasciotomy?

    <p>Endoscopic fasciotomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for performing neurolysis in conjunction with plantar fascial release?

    <p>Clinical suspicion of nerve compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of performing neurolysis in conjunction with plantar fascial release?

    <p>Increased satisfaction rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common complication of heel spur resection?

    <p>Nerve damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of polydactyly cases that have a family member with the condition?

    <p>Around 30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term coined by Light and Ogden in 1981 to describe a type of metatarsal malformation?

    <p>Longitudinal Epiphyseal Bracket</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate incidence of polydactyly per 1000 live births?

    <p>1.7 per 1000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the Greek concept that means 'short' and is related to brachy metatarsia?

    <p>Brachus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the Greek concept that means 'finger' and is related to polydactyly?

    <p>Dactylus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the Latin concept that means 'of the metatarsals' and is related to brachy metatarsia?

    <p>Metatarsia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of preoperative radiographic measurements in the treatment of BrachyMetatarsia?

    <p>To plan surgical lengthening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main limitation of single-stage lengthening in the treatment of BrachyMetatarsia?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of surgical treatment of BrachyMetatarsia?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of transverse osteotomy in single-stage lengthening?

    <p>To insert the bone graft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the postoperative care for single-stage lengthening?

    <p>Partial weight bearing in a heel-wedge shoe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the alternative to single-stage lengthening in the treatment of BrachyMetatarsia?

    <p>Callus distraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of surgical treatment for Polydactyly?

    <p>To remove the extra digit and rebalance the toe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of Polydactyly?

    <p>Postaxial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the radiographic characteristic of BrachyMetatarsia?

    <p>Reduced length of the metatarsal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of postoperative care for Polydactyly surgery?

    <p>Monitoring for signs of digital or flap necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genetic association with Polydactyly?

    <p>Autosomal dominant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical presentation of BrachyMetatarsia?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of radiographs in the diagnosis of Polydactyly?

    <p>To plan surgical treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the surgical treatment option for BrachyMetatarsia?

    <p>Osteotomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the embryonic developmental term that denotes the separation of cranial from caudal?

    <p>Axial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of surgical preplanning for Polydactyly?

    <p>To preserve the N/V anatomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal daily lengthening of the metatarsal?

    <p>1mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of the callus distraction method?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of inserting the first pin percutaneously?

    <p>To hold the fixator in the desired position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using a semicircular ring fixator?

    <p>Ability to correct angular deformity simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long should the fixator be left on after the procedure?

    <p>Until union is confirmed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of cases of polydactyly involve the fifth toe or ray duplication?

    <p>80%+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of surgical preplanning for polydactyly?

    <p>To remove the most peripheral supernumerary digit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age should surgery for polydactyly be delayed until?

    <p>1 year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the separation of cranial and caudal parts of the limb during embryonic development?

    <p>Axial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the treatment for asymptomatic cases of polydactyly?

    <p>Conservative management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of rebalancing the metatarsophalangeal joint capsule?

    <p>To prevent postoperative hallux varus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the incidence of brachymetatarsia?

    <p>3-5 per 1000 people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common location of brachymetatarsia?

    <p>The fourth ray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical feature of chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS)?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of rehabilitation for an injured athlete with polydactyly?

    <p>To restore normal toe function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate incidence of polydactyly per 1000 live births?

    <p>1.7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term coined by Light and Ogden in 1981 to describe a metatarsal malformation?

    <p>Longitudinal Epiphyseal Bracket</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of individuals with polydactyly who have a family member with the condition?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for seeking medical attention in individuals with polydactyly?

    <p>Pain and difficulty fitting shoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the Greek word that means 'short' and is related to a type of polydactyly?

    <p>Brachus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the famous author who had six-toed cats?

    <p>Ernest Hemingway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the initial compression phase in callus distraction?

    <p>To promote bone healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily rate of lengthening in callus distraction?

    <p>0.25mm every 6 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using a small incision in callus distraction?

    <p>Minimized dissection of the periosteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern during the postoperative care phase in callus distraction?

    <p>Preventing overlengthening complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of corticotomy in callus distraction?

    <p>To cut only the bone cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of fixator placement in callus distraction?

    <p>To allow for initial compression and corticotomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most useful radiographic view for preoperative evaluation of brachymetatarsia?

    <p>Weight-bearing AP foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of surgical treatment for brachymetatarsia?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of single-stage lengthening in brachymetatarsia treatment?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of transverse osteotomy in single-stage lengthening?

    <p>To insert a bone graft block</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a postoperative consideration in single-stage lengthening?

    <p>Monitor the toe for vascular interruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an alternative to single-stage lengthening in brachymetatarsia treatment?

    <p>Callus-distraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term coined by Light and Ogden in 1981 to describe a metatarsal malformation?

    <p>Longitudinal Epiphyseal Bracket</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate incidence of polydactyly per 1000 live births?

    <p>1.7 per 1000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of people with polydactyly who have a family member with the condition?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the duplication of one or more digits?

    <p>Polydactyly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many genetic conditions are recognized in association with polydactyly?

    <p>Over 97</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chief complaint of people with polydactyly?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimal lengthening rate for metatarsal distraction osteogenesis?

    <p>1mm per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of the callus distraction method?

    <p>It has a higher rate of complication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is angular deformity correction addressed during metatarsal lengthening?

    <p>Using a semicircular ring fixator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical time to healing for metatarsal lengthening?

    <p>16-20 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal insertion angle for the first pin during metatarsal lengthening?

    <p>As shown in the illustration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary radiographic feature of polydactyly?

    <p>Duplication of the entire ray or segments thereof</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In polydactyly, which vein is formed from the preaxial vein?

    <p>Greater saphenous vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of surgical preplanning in polydactyly?

    <p>Remove the most peripheral supernumerary digit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical feature of postaxial polydactyly?

    <p>Fifth toe or ray duplication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for delaying surgery in polydactyly until at least 1 year of age?

    <p>To reduce complications from anesthesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of postoperative care in polydactyly?

    <p>Monitoring for signs of digital or flap necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of brachymetatarsia?

    <p>Reduced length of the metatarsal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of single-stage lengthening in brachymetatarsia treatment?

    <p>To establish cosmetically acceptable appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for using radiographs in brachymetatarsia evaluation?

    <p>To evaluate the deformity and plan treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the limitation of bone graft size in single-stage lengthening?

    <p>Not more than 15mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of treatment in brachymetatarsia?

    <p>To relieve pain and pressure on the short toe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of transverse osteotomy in single-stage lengthening?

    <p>To insert the bone graft block</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of single-stage lengthening compared to callus distraction?

    <p>Faster time to healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for using a 0.62 K-wire in preaxial polydactyly excision?

    <p>To retain the acceptable position of the toe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of postoperative monitoring in single-stage lengthening?

    <p>To monitor for vascular interruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of applying a mini-rail external fixator in callus distraction?

    <p>To apply tension to the metatarsal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consideration for the placement of the fixator in callus distraction?

    <p>Fitting on the metatarsal with all four pins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of corticotomy in callus distraction?

    <p>Cutting only the bone cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the daily lengthening goal in callus distraction?

    <p>0.25mm every 6 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complication of overlengthening in callus distraction?

    <p>Both of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should the patient do daily pin care in callus distraction?

    <p>Daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for strict instructions on fixator use in callus distraction?

    <p>To prevent overlengthening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the Achilles tendon insertion?

    <p>Attaches to the middle third of the posterior calcaneus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thought to be a contributing factor to the development of insertional Achilles tendinopathy?

    <p>Mechanical overload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rotation of the Achilles tendon before its insertion?

    <p>90 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lies between the Achilles tendon and the calcaneus?

    <p>The retrocalcaneal bursa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the three muscles that make up the Achilles tendon?

    <p>Each muscle has an individual aponeurosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common association with insertional Achilles tendinopathy?

    <p>Equinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location of pain in patients with insertional Achilles tendinopathy?

    <p>Posterior heel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Silfverskiold exam in the evaluation of insertional Achilles tendinopathy?

    <p>To evaluate for equinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Kager's triangle in radiographic evaluation of the Achilles tendon?

    <p>It is a normal radiographic finding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using ultrasound in the evaluation of insertional Achilles tendinopathy?

    <p>It is a more cost-effective option than MRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the standing exam in radiographic evaluation of the Achilles tendon?

    <p>To evaluate the rearfoot/leg relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Haglund's deformity in patients with insertional Achilles tendinopathy?

    <p>It is a coexisting condition that can contribute to pain and osseous prominence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of conservative therapy for insertional Achilles tendinosis?

    <p>To address biomechanical abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for surgical debridement of the Achilles tendon?

    <p>Degenerative changes in the tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of oral steroids in the treatment of insertional Achilles tendinosis?

    <p>They provide symptomatic relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of posterior muscle column stretching in the treatment of insertional Achilles tendinosis?

    <p>It is especially useful in patients with coexisting equinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using suture anchors in surgical detachment with reattachment of the Achilles tendon?

    <p>They provide a more stable fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary postoperative requirement after surgical management of insertional Achilles tendon pathology?

    <p>Protected weightbearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of the Fowler Philip angle?

    <p>44° to 69°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of ultrasonography in evaluating Achilles tendon pathology?

    <p>Dynamic evaluation and comparison to the contralateral limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a normal Achilles tendon on MRI?

    <p>Low intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted images</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of parallel pitch lines in diagnosing Achilles tendon pathology?

    <p>To identify spurring within tendinous structures or calcaneal prominence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of ultrasonography in evaluating Achilles tendon pathology?

    <p>Operator dependence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of multiplanar imaging in MRI evaluation of Achilles tendon pathology?

    <p>To evaluate the Achilles tendon in the sagittal and axial planes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Retrocalcaneal Bursitis?

    <p>Pain with squeeze between Achilles tendon and posterior calcaneus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for Haglund's Deformity?

    <p>Surgical excision of the bursa through a posterior incision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom of Retrocalcaneal Bursitis?

    <p>Swelling at the level of the bursa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nature of Haglund's Deformity?

    <p>A bone spur on the superior aspect of the calcaneus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of Retrocalcaneal Bursitis?

    <p>Pain with squeeze between Achilles tendon and posterior calcaneus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of treatment for Retrocalcaneal Bursitis?

    <p>To reduce pain and inflammation in the bursa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical location of the osseous prominence in Haglund's Deformity?

    <p>Superior lateral aspect of the calcaneal tuberosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of conservative treatment for Retrocalcaneal Bursitis?