Questions and Answers
What does the transactional model of stress emphasize as a key component in assessing responses to stressors?
What are the two types of appraisal in Lazarus and Folkman's Stress and Coping Model?
Which response describes how women are hypothesized to react to social stress according to the research mentioned?
What is chronic stress characterized by?
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What distinguishes problem-focused coping from emotional-focused coping?
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What is a primary focus when understanding stress and coping?
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What distinguishes problem-focused coping from emotional-focused coping?
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How can stress impact an individual's health?
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Cognitive reappraisal is best defined as what?
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Which of the following best describes 'positive stress'?
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What is one conceptualization of stress noted in the study?
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Which of the following components is a part of the Stress and Coping model?
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What is the relationship between stress hormones and mental health outcomes?
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Which of the following health conditions is NOT commonly associated with stress?
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According to the Vulnerability-Stress-Coping model, what can exacerbate relapses in individuals with mood disorders?
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What emotional response is indicated to be linked with a perception of threat?
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Which of the following behaviors may increase the risk of illness as a result of stress?
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What is a common indirect effect of stress on health?
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How does negative affect influence the stress-ill health relationship?
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Which appraisal is associated with seeing a challenge positively?
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Which of the following coping methods is primarily emotional-focused?
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What can lead to decreased stress management abilities according to the content?
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Study Notes
Understanding Stress
- Stress is a multifaceted concept with various definitions.
- According to Robert Sapolsky, typical stress involves short-lived intense reactions followed by resolution.
- The Vulnerability-Stress-Coping model explains how stress contributes to mental health issues, including mood disorders and substance abuse.
Stress and Health Impact
- Stress correlates with numerous health issues, including:
- Sleep disturbances
- Gastrointestinal problems
- Metabolic syndrome
- Cognitive impairments
- Diabetes mellitus
- Musculoskeletal disorders
- Rheumatoid arthritis
Indirect Effects on Health
- Stress influences health through behaviors that increase illness risk, such as:
- Poor dietary choices
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Increased smoking and alcohol consumption
- Neglect of self-care and health-promoting activities
Appraisal and Response
- The way a person appraises a situation affects their reaction to stress.
- Threat responses can lead to panic and freezing.
- Challenge perceptions can foster an aroused and focused approach.
Emotional Influence on Stress
- Emotional responses significantly impact physiological reactions to stress.
- Negative emotions (e.g., anxiety or depression) may exacerbate the health effects of stress.
- Oxytocin is implicated in women's responses to stress, promoting social bonding during stress.
Gender Differences in Stress Response
- Research often overlooks female responses to stressors.
- Women might exhibit a "tend-and-befriend" response, influenced by oxytocin, unlike traditional fight-or-flight responses observed in men.
Critique of Traditional Models
- Selye's model simplified stress responses, neglecting cognitive appraisals.
- The Transactional model emphasizes cognitive appraisal, differentiating between:
- Primary appraisal: assessing damage (existing harm) and threat (future damage).
- Secondary appraisal: evaluating resources and reassessing the situation.
Stress and Coping Model
- Developed by Lazarus and Folkman in 1984, the model defines stress as a relationship perceived as taxing or exceeding resources and threatening well-being.
Chronic Stress
- Chronic stress includes various long-lasting difficulties or persistent minor stressors that lead to prolonged stress responses.
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Description
This quiz explores the relationship between stress and mental health, particularly focusing on mood disorders like bipolar disorder and substance abuse issues. It also discusses the Vulnerability-Stress-Coping model and the impact of stress hormones on mental health outcomes. Test your knowledge on how stress interacts with various psychological conditions.
