PSY1APP: Week 4
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Questions and Answers

What does the transactional model of stress emphasize as a key component in assessing responses to stressors?

  • Cognitive appraisal (correct)
  • Emotional distractions from stress
  • Physiological responses to stress
  • Social affiliations during stress
  • What are the two types of appraisal in Lazarus and Folkman's Stress and Coping Model?

  • Primary and secondary appraisal (correct)
  • Introverted and extroverted appraisal
  • Immediate and delayed appraisal
  • Emotional and behavioral appraisal
  • Which response describes how women are hypothesized to react to social stress according to the research mentioned?

  • Avoidance response
  • Indifferent response
  • Tend-and-befriend response (correct)
  • Fight-or-flight response
  • What is chronic stress characterized by?

    <p>Repeated hassles or significant events with long-lasting effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes problem-focused coping from emotional-focused coping?

    <p>Problem-focused coping aims to change the stressor directly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary focus when understanding stress and coping?

    <p>Exploring different coping techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes problem-focused coping from emotional-focused coping?

    <p>Problem-focused coping aims to change the situation causing stress, while emotional-focused coping seeks to manage feelings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can stress impact an individual's health?

    <p>It can increase the risk of chronic conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cognitive reappraisal is best defined as what?

    <p>The ability to change the interpretation of a stressful event.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'positive stress'?

    <p>Stress that stimulates personal growth and motivation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one conceptualization of stress noted in the study?

    <p>Stress is a subjective experience that varies from person to person.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components is a part of the Stress and Coping model?

    <p>Coping strategies used to manage stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between stress hormones and mental health outcomes?

    <p>There is a connection, but it is not fully understood in literature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following health conditions is NOT commonly associated with stress?

    <p>Heart disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Vulnerability-Stress-Coping model, what can exacerbate relapses in individuals with mood disorders?

    <p>Experiencing stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What emotional response is indicated to be linked with a perception of threat?

    <p>Panic and freezing up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following behaviors may increase the risk of illness as a result of stress?

    <p>Increased alcohol consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common indirect effect of stress on health?

    <p>Poorer diet and eating habits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does negative affect influence the stress-ill health relationship?

    <p>It moderates the relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which appraisal is associated with seeing a challenge positively?

    <p>Challenge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following coping methods is primarily emotional-focused?

    <p>Reflecting on emotional experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to decreased stress management abilities according to the content?

    <p>A decrease in self-care activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Understanding Stress

    • Stress is a multifaceted concept with various definitions.
    • According to Robert Sapolsky, typical stress involves short-lived intense reactions followed by resolution.
    • The Vulnerability-Stress-Coping model explains how stress contributes to mental health issues, including mood disorders and substance abuse.

    Stress and Health Impact

    • Stress correlates with numerous health issues, including:
      • Sleep disturbances
      • Gastrointestinal problems
      • Metabolic syndrome
      • Cognitive impairments
      • Diabetes mellitus
      • Musculoskeletal disorders
      • Rheumatoid arthritis

    Indirect Effects on Health

    • Stress influences health through behaviors that increase illness risk, such as:
      • Poor dietary choices
      • Sedentary lifestyle
      • Increased smoking and alcohol consumption
      • Neglect of self-care and health-promoting activities

    Appraisal and Response

    • The way a person appraises a situation affects their reaction to stress.
      • Threat responses can lead to panic and freezing.
      • Challenge perceptions can foster an aroused and focused approach.

    Emotional Influence on Stress

    • Emotional responses significantly impact physiological reactions to stress.
    • Negative emotions (e.g., anxiety or depression) may exacerbate the health effects of stress.
    • Oxytocin is implicated in women's responses to stress, promoting social bonding during stress.

    Gender Differences in Stress Response

    • Research often overlooks female responses to stressors.
    • Women might exhibit a "tend-and-befriend" response, influenced by oxytocin, unlike traditional fight-or-flight responses observed in men.

    Critique of Traditional Models

    • Selye's model simplified stress responses, neglecting cognitive appraisals.
    • The Transactional model emphasizes cognitive appraisal, differentiating between:
      • Primary appraisal: assessing damage (existing harm) and threat (future damage).
      • Secondary appraisal: evaluating resources and reassessing the situation.

    Stress and Coping Model

    • Developed by Lazarus and Folkman in 1984, the model defines stress as a relationship perceived as taxing or exceeding resources and threatening well-being.

    Chronic Stress

    • Chronic stress includes various long-lasting difficulties or persistent minor stressors that lead to prolonged stress responses.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the relationship between stress and mental health, particularly focusing on mood disorders like bipolar disorder and substance abuse issues. It also discusses the Vulnerability-Stress-Coping model and the impact of stress hormones on mental health outcomes. Test your knowledge on how stress interacts with various psychological conditions.

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