Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of stress screening tools?
What is the primary purpose of stress screening tools?
Which of the following coping strategies focuses on addressing the problem at hand?
Which of the following coping strategies focuses on addressing the problem at hand?
Which of the following is an example of maladaptive coping?
Which of the following is an example of maladaptive coping?
What distinguishes emotion-focused coping from problem-focused coping?
What distinguishes emotion-focused coping from problem-focused coping?
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Which group is not considered a population at risk for stress?
Which group is not considered a population at risk for stress?
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Which component should be assessed when evaluating a person's stress history?
Which component should be assessed when evaluating a person's stress history?
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In collaborative interventions, what is emphasized to help individuals manage stress?
In collaborative interventions, what is emphasized to help individuals manage stress?
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Which of the following is not considered a component of primary prevention in stress management?
Which of the following is not considered a component of primary prevention in stress management?
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Which of the following is considered a common positive coping strategy?
Which of the following is considered a common positive coping strategy?
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What class of medication is commonly used for relieving anxiety symptoms?
What class of medication is commonly used for relieving anxiety symptoms?
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Which response is classified as a maladaptive coping strategy?
Which response is classified as a maladaptive coping strategy?
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Which of the following factors may increase one's risk of negative stress outcomes?
Which of the following factors may increase one's risk of negative stress outcomes?
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What is the primary goal of education as a coping response?
What is the primary goal of education as a coping response?
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Which intervention is NOT classified as a pharmacologic agent?
Which intervention is NOT classified as a pharmacologic agent?
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How would you classify using relaxation techniques in response to stress?
How would you classify using relaxation techniques in response to stress?
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Which of the following is an example of ineffective coping?
Which of the following is an example of ineffective coping?
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Which of the following defines a key aspect of stress and coping?
Which of the following defines a key aspect of stress and coping?
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What is the term used to describe stress that is perceived as manageable?
What is the term used to describe stress that is perceived as manageable?
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Which of the following is NOT a consequence of chronic stress?
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of chronic stress?
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Which type of coping strategy focuses on alleviating emotional distress?
Which type of coping strategy focuses on alleviating emotional distress?
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Which of the following best describes maladaptive coping responses?
Which of the following best describes maladaptive coping responses?
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What factors influence cognitive appraisal of stress?
What factors influence cognitive appraisal of stress?
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What role does the endocrine system play in the stress response?
What role does the endocrine system play in the stress response?
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Which of the following is considered a risk factor for altered coping?
Which of the following is considered a risk factor for altered coping?
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Study Notes
Stress and Coping
- Stress is a continuous process starting with an event perceived and appraised for its meaning, assessed as neutral, manageable, or threatening, and ending in homeostasis and well-being.
- There is a stress continuum: neutral, manageable, and not manageable.
- The stress response involves the central nervous system, sympathetic nervous system, endocrine system, and immune system.
- Sources of stress are psychological/emotional stressors.
- Cognitive appraisal of stress is influenced by age, developmental stage, environment, life experiences, and general health status.
Consequences of Chronic Stress
- The central nervous system, cardiovascular system, immune system, musculoskeletal system, gastrointestinal system, integumentary system, sexuality, and reproductive systems are negatively impacted by chronic stress.
Populations at Risk
- Infants and children
- Adolescents
- Older adults
Individual Risk Factors
- Risk for psychological stress: interpersonal relationship problems, strained family relationships, financial strain, occupational stress, and food insecurity.
- Risk for physiological stress: significant injury or illness
Assessment
- History: certain conditions can be associated with stress and clues can be found in the psychosocial history.
- Examination: usually consistent with sympathetic nervous system activation. Findings consistent with poor coping behavior include anger, anxiousness, sadness, or hopelessness.
Clinical Management: Primary Prevention
- Promote effective coping, health, and well-being.
- Maintain good health, nutrition, and regular exercise.
- Foster positive personal relationships, social support networks, and self-esteem.
- Learn effective preventive coping strategies.
Clinical Management: Secondary Prevention (Screening)
- Stress screening tools are available.
- There are no national recommendations for general stress screening.
- Recommendations for screening exist in situations linked to ineffective or maladaptive coping, such as substance abuse and depression.
Collaborative Interventions
- Focus on reducing actual or perceived threats.
- Reinforce perceived control through positive coping strategies.
Categories of Coping Strategies
- Problem-focused coping
- Emotion-focused coping
- Meaning-focused coping
Coping Responses
- Positive coping strategies: Education, social support, exercise, therapeutic lifestyle change, music therapy, relaxation strategies, and alternative therapies.
- Ineffective and maladaptive coping responses: appropriate but insufficient, use or abuse of alcohol or other substances, smoking, overeating, denial, and avoidance.
Pharmacologic Agents
- Anxiolytics
- Hypnotics
- Antidepressants
- Psychotherapeutics
- Muscle relaxants
- Antimigraine agents
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (older adults)
Interrelated Concepts
- Anxiety
- Functional ability
- Family dynamics
- Cognition
- Mood and Affect
- Perfusion
- Sexuality
- Sleep
- Immunity
Featured Exemplars
- Anxiety disorders
- Tension headache
- Hypertension
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Eczema
Question 1
- Education is a powerful tool to increase self-efficacy and control for stressed individuals.
Question 2
- Individuals at different ages are at risk for negative outcomes from stress due to underdeveloped coping strategies.
Key Point: It is important to understand the different stages of stress and its potential consequences to provide effective nursing interventions and support.
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Description
This quiz explores the concepts of stress and coping mechanisms, encompassing the stress continuum and the physiological responses to stress. It also delves into the consequences of chronic stress on various body systems and identifies at-risk populations. Understanding these factors is crucial for enhancing well-being and managing stress effectively.
