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Questions and Answers
What is the significance of the postponed quiz submission deadline?
What is the significance of the postponed quiz submission deadline?
It allows students more time to prepare and complete the quiz effectively.
What is the main focus of the programming exercise starting today?
What is the main focus of the programming exercise starting today?
The programming exercise is centered on B+-trees.
How is the grading structured for the course?
How is the grading structured for the course?
Grading comprises recap quizzes, graded quizzes, programming exercises, and an exam.
What is the deadline for the exam, and what percentage does it represent for the final grade?
What is the deadline for the exam, and what percentage does it represent for the final grade?
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What should students avoid while collaborating on homework?
What should students avoid while collaborating on homework?
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What is a windowed aggregation and how does it differ from a basic aggregation?
What is a windowed aggregation and how does it differ from a basic aggregation?
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Explain the difference between distributive and algebraic window aggregation functions.
Explain the difference between distributive and algebraic window aggregation functions.
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Describe what a windowed join is and provide an example.
Describe what a windowed join is and provide an example.
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What are holistic functions in windowed aggregation and why are they significant?
What are holistic functions in windowed aggregation and why are they significant?
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What is the sliding window optimization in the context of a windowed join?
What is the sliding window optimization in the context of a windowed join?
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What defines a data stream and how does it differ from static data?
What defines a data stream and how does it differ from static data?
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Explain the push model in relation to data streams.
Explain the push model in relation to data streams.
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What are the three concepts of time important in stream processing?
What are the three concepts of time important in stream processing?
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Describe the turnstile model in stream processing.
Describe the turnstile model in stream processing.
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How does a cash register model differ from a turnstile model in data streams?
How does a cash register model differ from a turnstile model in data streams?
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Why is it important to treat everyone with respect in online settings?
Why is it important to treat everyone with respect in online settings?
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What should you include in your submission for the programming exercises?
What should you include in your submission for the programming exercises?
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How is the programming exercise scored?
How is the programming exercise scored?
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What should you avoid doing with the test code during autograding?
What should you avoid doing with the test code during autograding?
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When is the deadline for the second programming exercise?
When is the deadline for the second programming exercise?
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What is the primary task of the second programming exercise?
What is the primary task of the second programming exercise?
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What class structure is provided to implement nodes in the B+ Tree?
What class structure is provided to implement nodes in the B+ Tree?
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What is the total number of test cases available for grading?
What is the total number of test cases available for grading?
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What is required before submitting your work on the programming exercise?
What is required before submitting your work on the programming exercise?
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What is the minimum score needed to pass the programming exercise?
What is the minimum score needed to pass the programming exercise?
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What is the purpose of invalidating expired tuples in a stream processing context?
What is the purpose of invalidating expired tuples in a stream processing context?
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How does a double-pipelined hash join operate on tuples from streams?
How does a double-pipelined hash join operate on tuples from streams?
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What challenges does big data pose to traditional databases?
What challenges does big data pose to traditional databases?
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What are the limitations of using MapReduce for stream processing?
What are the limitations of using MapReduce for stream processing?
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What is the benefit of keeping data moving in stream processing?
What is the benefit of keeping data moving in stream processing?
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In a double-pipelined hash join, what does probing involve?
In a double-pipelined hash join, what does probing involve?
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Why are traditional database operations like 'select' and 'join' insufficient for big data?
Why are traditional database operations like 'select' and 'join' insufficient for big data?
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How does the concept of windows apply in stream processing?
How does the concept of windows apply in stream processing?
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What are the main benefits of using mini-batch processing in stream data?
What are the main benefits of using mini-batch processing in stream data?
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What is a primary difference between true streaming architecture and mini-batch processing?
What is a primary difference between true streaming architecture and mini-batch processing?
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List two basic transformations used in data stream processing.
List two basic transformations used in data stream processing.
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What are some examples of flexible windowing semantics in stream processing?
What are some examples of flexible windowing semantics in stream processing?
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Explain the significance of control events in stream processing.
Explain the significance of control events in stream processing.
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What is the purpose of binary stream transformations?
What is the purpose of binary stream transformations?
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Why is native support for iterations important in stream processing?
Why is native support for iterations important in stream processing?
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What are temporal binary stream operators, and give an example?
What are temporal binary stream operators, and give an example?
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What challenge does event time pose in mini-batch processing?
What challenge does event time pose in mini-batch processing?
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Describe a potential advantage of stream processing over batch processing.
Describe a potential advantage of stream processing over batch processing.
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Study Notes
Big Data Systems - Stream Processing I
- Course material presented by Martin Boissier, Data Engineering Systems, Hasso Plattner Institute
- Quiz 2 submission deadline postponed to December 9, 2024
- Programming exercise on B+-trees started that day
- Joint Database Systems Seminar with TU Darmstadt scheduled
- Discussion on in-network computing by Prof. Lin Wang (University of Paderborn)
- Zoom information posted in Moodle
Programming Exercise 2
- Details regarding the second programming exercise will be available.
Grading
- Recap quizzes for each lecture topic are graded
- Self-assessment quizzes are also graded
- Four graded quizzes contribute toward the total grade
- 50% of points will be awarded for exam participation
- Three programming exercises are required
- Criteria for passing each task will be provided
- Exam held on February 10 (100% of the grade)
Code of Conduct
- Asking questions is encouraged, except for exams.
- Homework submissions should be done individually, though discussion is allowed.
- Sharing solutions is strictly forbidden; explaining solutions is acceptable.
- Plagiarism, copying, and all forms of dishonesty will directly result in failing the course.
- Proper netiquette must be implemented in forums, emails, chats, and other communication platforms
- Treat everyone with respect, especially in online platforms
Programming Exercises (GitHub Classroom)
- Access to programming exercises provided via GitHub Classroom Link in Moodle
- A template git repository will be issued
- Java code and a text file (README) with solutions to accompanying questions are required submissions
- Code will be auto-graded
- Other submissions will be corrected externally (staff)
- Collaborative discussion of solutions is permitted; copying solutions is disallowed
Autograding
- Transparent grading and test scenarios are provided
- No alteration of test code
- Removing/adding tests is permitted (not included in grading)
- Local testing prior to submission is recommended
- Ensuring recent code pushes before the deadline is important
2nd Programming Exercise (December 17, 2022)
- The exercise is online
- Deadline: December 17, 2022
- Implement a B+ Tree
- Task description PDF provided by Moodle
- Framework and tests are provided
Grading and Tests
- There are 96 test cases in total
- One point per graded test in GitHub Classroom
- Basic tests for finding, inserting, and deleting keys are for 1 point each
- Full tests for inserting and deleting have varying difficulty levels (easy, medium, hard) graded 1 point each
- Total: 10 points; 6 points are needed to pass
- Exact deadline: December 17, 2022
Timelines
- Various dates and topics listed for the semester (I & II)
- Topics Include: Intro/Organizational, Performance Management, Map Reduce, Data Centers, File Systems, Key Value Stores, Stream Processing. etc
Industry Talk – Markus Dreseler (Snowflake)
- Presentation on January 28, 2025
- Speaker is Markus Dreseler (Snowflake)
- Background: Senior Software Engineer at Snowflake, Led the development of Hyrise (v2), 2021 PhD at Prof. Plattner's chair.
- Topic: Performance Engineering at Snowflake
- Discussion points: Benchmarking, Profiling, Optimizing, Telemetry
- Snowflake handles 6.3 billion queries every day.
Stream Processing Motivation/Streams/Basic Stream Processing/Stream Processing Execution Models
- Details explained of the motivations, stream concepts, basic processing, and model types concerning streams.
Stream Processing Use Cases
- Identifies situations where stream processing excels, including ubiquitous data streams (events, messages, sensor data), and general use cases (monitoring, alerting, real-time reporting, ETL, decision making, and data stream mining).
Stream Processing Challenges
- Potential unlimited datasets
- Numerous queries
- Continuous results produced
Traditional Data Management Approaches
- Compares traditional data warehousing and online transaction management systems with newer stream data management approaches, highlighting the strengths of each in different situations.
8 Requirements of Big Streaming
- Maintains data flow continuously
- Uses a stream architecture
- Offers declarative access (e.g., StreamSQL, CQL)
- Handles data imperfections (late, missing, unordered items)
- Provides predictable outcomes
- Guarantees consistency from event time
- Integrates stored and streaming data (hybrid stream and batch)
- Ensures data safety and availability (fault tolerance, durable state).
- Allows automatic partitioning and scaling
- Supports instantaneous processing and response
Why is Stream Processing Hard?
- Trade-off between performance and algorithmic expressiveness in processing streams.
What is a Stream?
- Data sets considered conceptually infinite
- Continuous data stream requires processing or analysis
- Source controls data production and processing using a publish/subscribe model
- Important to understand when data is produced and processed; processing time vs event time
Stream Models
- Turnstile (elements can come and go) and Cash Register (elements cannot leave)
Turnstile and Cash Register Examples
- Illustrations of how streams can be used to manage IP open connections and car monitoring.
Time Series Example
- Example of employing streams for user behavior analysis and statistical evaluation from Twitter data
Event Time
- Processing time vs. event time
- Production, ingestion, and processing times
Processing Time vs Event Time Example
- Star Wars movie timeline is displayed to emphasize event time vs processing time.
Durability and Consistency Guarantees
- Details on data durability and consistency in streams for various circumstances
Streaming Processing Job (dataflow)
- Describes a streaming processing job consisting of operators, records, control events, and states in a pipeline format.
Time Agnostic Processing
- Stateless operations are described
- Data items processed independently
Stateful Processing
- Processing that requires maintaining state. Examples are described such as word count and median calculations.
Processing Windows
- Various windows (e.g., tumbling, sliding, session) are defined
- Triggering, eviction policies, and window dimensions for each type
Tumbling, Sliding, and Session Windows
- Differences between the three types are explained, including characteristics
Window Aggregation Functions
- Different types of window aggregations are classified as distributive, algebraic, or holistic, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses according to windowing type for aggregate operations.
Windowed Join
- Use classic join methods with tumbling windows
- Covers different join types (NL Join, Hash Join)
Double-Pipelined Hash Join
- Description of hash join for bounded or unbounded streams
Stream Processing Execution Model
- Summary of the stream processing execution model
Stream Processing (Overall Perspective)
- Discusses the limitations of databases in processing ever-growing data volumes and suggests using Stream Processing instead, especially when processing unstructured data for data mining purposes. Provides MapReduce as a first processing solution. Illustrates the difference between batch and stream processing timelines
MR/Batch Processing
- Describes the concepts of batch processing, and visualization of example batch processing.
MR/Batch Window Processing
- Detailed explanation of batch window processing.
MR Discussion
- Data types and use cases. Batch processing is good for large volumes of static data, but not good for streams.
How to Keep Data Moving?
- Two methods for continuous data processing are discussed: discretized streams and native streaming.
Discussion of Mini-Batch
- Explanation, limitations, and advantages of mini-batch processing. Provides example scenarios.
True Streaming Architecture
- Highlights the key components of a true streaming architecture. These consist of operators, records, and control events. The various data transformations are highlighted, along with the importance of windowing and temporal stream operators for meaningful operations
Summary
- Recap of stream processing motivation, topics (Streams, Basic Stream Processing, Stream Processing Execution Models).
Next Part
- Preview of Stream Processing II, including advanced concepts and systems
Questions
- Instructions for asking questions via Moodle, email, and Q&A sessions.
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Description
Test your understanding of key concepts in stream processing, including windowed aggregation, data streams, and the push model. This quiz covers essential definitions and examples that clarify these complex topics. Perfect for students looking to deepen their knowledge in this area of programming.