Lecture 4 MHS1101
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Questions and Answers

Which type of stratified epithelium is considered rare?

  • Stratified columnar (correct)
  • Stratified squamous
  • Stratified cuboidal
  • Transitional epithelium

    • Where can keratinized stratified squamous epithelium be commonly found?

  • Esophagus
  • Tongue
  • Oral mucosa
  • Palms and soles (correct)

    • What is a primary function of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

  • Resisting water loss
  • Producing sperm
  • Producing sweat
  • Resisting abrasion and penetration of pathogens (correct)

    • Which type of epithelium undergoes continuous mitosis in its deepest layers?

    <p>Stratified squamous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of stratified cuboidal epithelium?

    <p>Surface cells are square or round.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium in the skin?

    <p>Resisting penetration by pathogenic organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which location would you likely find nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

    <p>Oral mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary functions of the stratified cuboidal epithelium?

    <p>Producing ovarian hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of reticular tissue?

    <p>To form a supportive framework for lymphatic organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of dense regular connective tissue?

    <p>Densely packed, parallel collagen fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is dense irregular connective tissue typically found?

    <p>In the deeper layer of skin and capsules around organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of adipose tissue?

    <p>To store energy and provide insulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of reticular fibers and fibroblasts?

    <p>Mesh of reticular fibers and fibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue is found in tendons and ligaments?

    <p>Dense regular connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of brown fat in juveniles?

    <p>To produce heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of adipose cells?

    <p>Empty-looking cells with thin margins and nucleus pressed against cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What protein structure anchors the basal region of cells to the basement membrane?

    <p>Hemidesmosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which epithelial tissue function involves the removal of metabolic waste products?

    <p>Excretion of wastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of pseudostratified columnar epithelia?

    <p>Multiple layers of cells where all cells touch the basement membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about simple epithelia?

    <p>It consists of one layer of cells named by their shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of junction allows small solutes to pass between cells?

    <p>Gap junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which epithelial tissue type appears stratified but is actually a single layer?

    <p>Pseudostratified columnar epithelia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the apical surface of an epithelial cell?

    <p>The surface facing away from the basement membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epithelial tissue is characterized by cells named according to the shape of their apical cells and having multiple layers?

    <p>Stratified epithelia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epithelium permits rapid diffusion or transport of substances?

    <p>Simple squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can you find simple cuboidal epithelium?

    <p>Thyroid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of epithelium has a brush border of microvilli?

    <p>Simple columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key function of pseudostratified epithelium?

    <p>Secretion and propulsion of mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which epithelium type can be found in the glomeruli?

    <p>Simple squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is unique to pseudostratified epithelium?

    <p>Nuclei at several layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which epithelium type lines the GI tract?

    <p>Simple columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which epithelium type is associated with mucus production and movement?

    <p>Simple cuboidal epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the surface cells of transitional epithelium when stretched?

    <p>They change from round to flat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of connective tissue?

    <p>To support, connect, and protect organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell in fibrous connective tissue produces fibers and ground substance of the matrix?

    <p>Fibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of collagenous fibers?

    <p>Collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in fibrous connective tissue?

    <p>To regulate water and electrolyte balance of tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of areolar tissue?

    <p>It has a loose arrangement of fibers and abundant blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of mast cells in fibrous connective tissue?

    <p>To secrete heparin and histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of adipocytes in fibrous connective tissue?

    <p>To store triglycerides (fat molecules)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outermost layer of compact bone?

    <p>Periosteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic structure of compact bone?

    <p>Onion-like layers around central canals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of perforating canals in compact bone?

    <p>To allow for the passage of blood vessels and nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of spongy bone?

    <p>It has a lattice of bone covered with endosteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of trabeculae in spongy bone?

    <p>To develop along lines of mechanical stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of osteocytes in compact bone?

    <p>They are found in the lacunae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between compact and spongy bone?

    <p>Compact bone has central canals, while spongy bone does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the central canal in compact bone?

    <p>To allow for the passage of blood vessels and nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cartilage is rich in elastin fibers, making it highly flexible?

    <p>Elastic cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cartilage provides smooth surfaces for joint movement and is found in the trachea?

    <p>Hyaline cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cartilage contains a large amount of collagen fibers, providing tensile strength and resistance to compression?

    <p>Fibrocartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of bone tissue?

    <p>Forms smooth surfaces for joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which connective tissue type is primarily responsible for storing fat molecules?

    <p>Adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which locations would you primarily find fibrocartilage?

    <p>Intervertebral discs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cartilage is most commonly associated with the growth plate within bones?

    <p>Hyaline cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is NOT typically found in fibrous connective tissue?

    <p>Chondrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of reticular tissue?

    <p>Forming a supportive framework for lymphatic organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of connective tissue is characterized by densely packed, parallel collagen fibers?

    <p>Dense regular connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of connective tissue is designed to withstand unpredictable stresses?

    <p>Dense irregular connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is adipose tissue commonly found?

    <p>Subcutaneous fat and organ packing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic identifies cells in adipose tissue?

    <p>Empty-looking cells with thin margins and a nucleus pressed against the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue type forms a stroma for lymphatic organs?

    <p>Reticular tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue has elastic fibers forming wavy sheets?

    <p>Dense regular connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which of the following locations is dense irregular connective tissue found?

    <p>Deeper layer of skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do osteogenic cells play in bone tissue?

    <p>They give rise to most other bone cell types.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is unique to osteoblasts in bone tissue?

    <p>They form a single layer under the endosteum and periosteum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do osteocytes contribute to bone remodeling?

    <p>By acting as strain sensors and regulating bone remodeling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of the inorganic matter in the bone matrix?

    <p>Hydroxyapatite and calcium carbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic helps osteoclasts in dissolving bone tissue?

    <p>Ruffled border facing the bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major function of the ceramic portion of bone?

    <p>Supporting body weight without sagging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition results from a defect in collagen deposition?

    <p>Osteogenesis imperfecta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for synthesizing the organic matter of the bone matrix?

    <p>Osteoblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of cartilage tissue?

    <p>It is a type of connective tissue with a flexible matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of perichondrium in elastic and most hyaline cartilage?

    <p>It contains reserve population of chondroblasts for cartilage growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cartilage has a clear, glassy appearance and very fine collagen fibers?

    <p>Hyaline cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of elastic cartilage?

    <p>It provides flexible, elastic support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cartilage contains large, coarse bundles of collagen fibers?

    <p>Fibrocartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of hyaline cartilage?

    <p>It has a clear, glassy appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of fibrocartilage?

    <p>It resists compression and absorbs shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of chondrocytes?

    <p>They are mature cartilage cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cartilage contains large, coarse bundles of collagen fibers and resists compression and absorbs shock?

    <p>Fibrocartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of hyaline cartilage?

    <p>Clear, glassy appearance with very fine collagen fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of perichondrium?

    <p>To contain a reserve population of chondroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cartilage provides flexible, elastic support and is found in the external ear and epiglottis?

    <p>Elastic cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of chondrocytes?

    <p>To produce cartilage matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of cartilage in general?

    <p>Firm and flexible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between hyaline cartilage and elastic cartilage?

    <p>Hyaline cartilage has a clear, glassy appearance, while elastic cartilage has an abundance of elastic fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cartilage in the body?

    <p>To facilitate movement and reduce friction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outermost layer of compact bone?

    <p>periosteum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic structure of compact bone?

    <p>onion-like layers around central canals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of perforating canals in compact bone?

    <p>to allow for the passage of blood vessels and nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of spongy bone?

    <p>it has a few osteons and no central canals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of trabeculae in spongy bone?

    <p>to develop along lines of mechanical stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of osteocytes in compact bone?

    <p>they are in lacunae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between compact and spongy bone?

    <p>spongy bone has a few osteons and no central canals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the central canal in compact bone?

    <p>to allow for the passage of blood vessels and nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of reticular tissue?

    <p>To form a supportive stroma for lymphatic organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of dense regular connective tissue?

    <p>Densely packed, parallel collagen fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of dense irregular connective tissue?

    <p>Deeper layer of skin and capsules around organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of adipose tissue?

    <p>To provide energy storage, insulation, and cushioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of reticular fibers and fibroblasts?

    <p>Mesh of reticular fibers and fibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue is found in tendons and ligaments?

    <p>Dense regular connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of brown fat in juveniles?

    <p>To produce heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of adipose cells?

    <p>Empty-looking cells with thin margins and nucleus pressed against cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of connective tissue is abundant in blood vessels and contains all six cell types?

    <p>Areolar tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of collagenous fibers in connective tissue?

    <p>To provide toughness and flexibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the ground substance of fibrous connective tissue regulates water and electrolyte balance?

    <p>Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cartilage contains the protein elastin, allowing it to stretch and recoil?

    <p>Elastic cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic location for transitional epithelium?

    <p>Ureter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of connective tissue fiber forms the framework for the spleen and lymph nodes?

    <p>Reticular fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mast cells in fibrous connective tissue?

    <p>Secreting heparin and histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type in fibrous connective tissue is responsible for producing fibers and ground substance?

    <p>Fibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of osteoblasts?

    <p>To form soft organic matter of matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone cell is responsible for bone remodeling through dissolution?

    <p>Osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do osteocytes reside?

    <p>In the lacunae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of bone's inorganic matter is hydroxyapatite?

    <p>85%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the ceramic component of bone play?

    <p>Supports body weight without sagging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition results from a collagen deposition defect?

    <p>Osteogenesis imperfecta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone cells are characterized by having a ruffled border and multiple nuclei?

    <p>Osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates osteogenic cells to increase the number of osteoblasts?

    <p>Stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cartilage contains large, coarse bundles of collagen fibers?

    <p>Fibrocartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells produce the matrix surrounding them in cartilage?

    <p>Chondroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cartilage is responsible for holding airways open and is clear with a glassy appearance?

    <p>Hyaline cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is elastic cartilage primarily found?

    <p>External ear and epiglottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT associated with hyaline cartilage?

    <p>Found in the intervertebral discs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of fibrocartilage?

    <p>Resisting compression and absorbing shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure surrounds elastic and most hyaline cartilage?

    <p>Perichondrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does cartilage lack blood vessels?

    <p>It relies on diffusion for nutrients and waste removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure within compact bone contains blood vessels and nerves?

    <p>Central canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of compact bone is arranged in concentric lamellae?

    <p>Bone matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic feature of spongy bone?

    <p>Few osteons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the narrow slivers of bone found in spongy bone?

    <p>Spicules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of trabeculae in spongy bone?

    <p>Act as weight-bearing structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is not found in spongy bone?

    <p>Central canals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for carrying transverse or diagonal passages in compact bone?

    <p>Perforating canals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell resides in the lacunae of compact bone?

    <p>Osteocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of collagenous fibers?

    <p>They are tough, flexible, and stretch-resistant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fibrous connective tissue cell type synthesizes antibodies?

    <p>Plasma cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of macrophages in fibrous connective tissue?

    <p>Activate the immune system and phagocytize foreign material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What protein is dominant in the composition of elastic fibers?

    <p>Elastin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of connective tissue stores fat molecules?

    <p>Adipocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main functional role of proteoglycans in fibrous connective tissue?

    <p>They form colloids that hold tissues together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which connective tissue component regulates water and electrolyte balance?

    <p>Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the vascularity of loose connective tissue?

    <p>It has many blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of elastic cartilage?

    <p>It is rich in elastin fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is primarily associated with osteoblasts?

    <p>Bone formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following locations is most commonly associated with hyaline cartilage?

    <p>Trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of fibrocartilage?

    <p>It consists of densely packed, parallel collagen fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is unique to osteoclasts?

    <p>Ruffled border facing bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is primarily inorganic in the bone matrix?

    <p>Hydroxyapatite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue is known for energy storage, insulation, and cushioning?

    <p>Adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major organic component of the bone matrix synthesized by osteoblasts?

    <p>Collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue is typically found in deeper layers of skin and capsules around organs?

    <p>Dense irregular connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In bone tissue, what primarily contributes to its flexibility?

    <p>Collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are reticular fibers and fibroblasts found?

    <p>In lymph nodes and spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone cell is responsible for bone resorption located on the bone surface?

    <p>Osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue has few visible cells and withstands unpredictable stresses?

    <p>Dense irregular connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is a part of the bone matrix and contributes to its hardness but not synthesized by osteoblasts?

    <p>Calcium phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is dense regular connective tissue typically found?

    <p>In tendons and ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

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