Strategic Planning and Leadership Advantages

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Questions and Answers

According to Lafley and Martin, leaders should prioritize their tasks based on how important they are to the organization.

False (B)

What economic theory do Lafley and Martin use as a foundation for their time management advice?

  • Theory of Comparative Advantage (correct)
  • Theory of Consumer Choice
  • Theory of Absolute Advantage
  • Theory of Supply and Demand

The theory of comparative advantage suggests leaders should spend their precious time on activities that nobody else in the organization can do as well as ______.

they can

What did Roger Martin do when he became dean of the Rotman School of Management to implement the theory of comparative advantage?

<p>He delegated the task of hiring tenure-stream professors to the associate dean, as he considered him equally capable of running the process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following individuals to their respective roles:

<p>A.G. Lafley = Former CEO of Procter &amp; Gamble Roger Martin = Former dean of the Rotman School of Management David Ricardo = 19th-century political economist who formulated the theory of comparative advantage</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main takeaway from Lafley and Martin's advice on time management?

<p>Leaders should focus their time on tasks they are uniquely good at and delegate others (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential outcome of leaders working longer hours to achieve results?

<p>Burnout</p> Signup and view all the answers

The theory of comparative advantage, as applied to time management, suggests that leaders should focus on tasks that are absolutely important for the organization, regardless of their own skills and those of others.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Lafley and Martin, what should leaders delegate?

<p>Leaders should delegate tasks for which they have only a modest advantage in favor of those for which their advantage is distinctive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of delegating tasks for which a leader doesn't have a strong comparative advantage?

<p>Guaranteed success for all delegated tasks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lafley, while CEO of Procter & Gamble, focused on ______ and translating consumer insights into successful products.

<p>innovation</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Lafley and Martin, leaders should always avoid taking on any tasks that can be delegated.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Martin, as Dean of Rotman, do to build trust with professors and give them a clearer view of how they could contribute to the school's success?

<p>He met individually with professors once a year to build trusting relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Richardson and Tavangar, traditional strategic planning is sufficient for schools to prepare students for a rapidly changing world.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the twelve questions Richardson and Tavangar suggest schools consider in their strategic planning?

<p>What is the cost of tuition? (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the disposition suggested by Richardson and Tavangar with its description:

<p>Explorer's mindset = Seeking new possibilities with tools that help shine light in the darkness Hope = Fueled by research, action, and a sense of belonging Radical acceptance and imagination = See things as they are, listen well, and stretch imaginations Sense-making = Grappling with the unknown through data collection and conversations across differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the four-word motto Richardson and Tavangar suggest for strategic planning?

<p>Face reality. Imagine harder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Supiano's article, professors are reporting that Generation Z students are struggling with reading longer texts and writing college-level essays.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a struggle experienced by Generation Z students in Supiano's article?

<p>Increased engagement with academics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Supiano suggests that the ______ movement, kicked off with the Race to the Top legislation in 2002, might be partly responsible for some of the struggles Generation Z students face in college.

<p>K-12 accountability</p> Signup and view all the answers

Daniel Koretz, a Harvard professor quoted in Supiano's article, believes test-based accountability is entirely responsible for the struggles experienced by Generation Z students in college.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the initial intent of the Race to the Top legislation?

<p>The intent was to raise the floor on standards and not allow schools to hide poor performance by subgroups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Supiano's article concludes that the K-12 accountability movement is solely to blame for Generation Z students' struggles in college.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact did digital reading have on reading comprehension among elementary and middle-school students?

<p>Negative impact (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The researchers found that digital reading is more effective than print reading throughout a person's lifetime.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern regarding the 'shallowing hypothesis' in relation to digital reading?

<p>It suggests that digital reading leads to superficial engagement and hinders the development of higher-order cognitive skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leisure digital reading habits do not pay off as much as traditional __________ reading.

<p>print</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the success factors of virtual tutoring with their descriptions:

<p>Well-trained tutors = Tutors receive ongoing coaching Live virtual sessions = Direct interaction during tutoring Same-language tutors = Tutors speak the student's language Structured program = Includes milestones and goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a success factor for virtual tutoring?

<p>Flexible scheduling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Regular attendance is less challenging in virtual tutoring compared to in-person tutoring.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What toolkit is provided for dealing with controversial issues in K-12 schools?

<p>A step-by-step guidance toolkit</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ analysis conducted by Altamura, Vargas, and Salmerón revealed the impact of digital reading on comprehension.

<p>meta</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the findings, which group showed a positive impact from digital reading?

<p>High school and university students (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of vocabulary is described as specific to mathematics?

<p>Technical (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All students find math word problems easy to solve.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the model created by Hagge and Appova to classify vocabulary in math problems?

<p>Technical, Subtechnical, Nontechnical (TSN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An example of a nontechnical word in a math word problem is __________.

<p>how much</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the vocabulary type to its definition:

<p>Technical = Specific to mathematics Subtechnical = Used in both math and other contexts Nontechnical = Essential for understanding the problem's context</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the professor's teaching style as mentioned in the content?

<p>He combines fun with high expectations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Technical vocabulary is the least important when solving math word problems.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the history professor at UCLA believe students want?

<p>Both skills and education.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The professors recommend previewing the language in the problem to identify __________ vocabulary.

<p>technical, subtechnical, and nontechnical</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is often overlooked when teaching math vocabulary?

<p>Nontechnical words (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Civic education is highly emphasized in today's education system according to the UCLA professor.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Hagge and Appova find about teachers' advice regarding math vocabulary?

<p>Students often overlook non-mathematical words.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the grade levels to the corresponding example word problem:

<p>Grade One = Mara and Josey's Tootsie Rolls Grade Three = Book dimensions Grade Five = Farmer builds a trough</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hagge and Appova suggest that __________ can hinder understanding of math word problems.

<p>unrelatable story elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one unintended consequence of the focus on state tests in education?

<p>Narrowing of the curriculum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leisure reading time has no effect on reading proficiency.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant event contributed to a setback in student achievement by an average of almost half a year?

<p>the pandemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

The characteristics of Generation Z include being hyper-focused on _____ and emotionally acute.

<p>grades</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the characteristics of Generation Z with their descriptions:

<p>Desperate to find meaning and purpose = Seek real-world connections in learning Emotionally acute = Attuned to their image and performance Blasé about cheating = Less concerned about academic integrity Willing to question authority = Challenge traditional teaching methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is mentioned as a challenge contributing to academic performance issues?

<p>High availability of information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Generation Z students prefer lectures over personal storytelling by instructors.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What psychological effect is noted for Gen Z students due to their immersion in social media?

<p>mental crippling</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _____ Effect refers to the widening gaps in achievement based on students' initial advantages.

<p>Matthew</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of writing assignments have become prevalent in schools as a response to state and AP exams?

<p>Formulaic writing assignments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, Gen Z students do a lot of reading outside of class.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can teachers better engage Gen Z students according to the suggested strategies?

<p>By connecting curriculum content to real-world applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _____ Standards focused on close reading and textual evidence.

<p>Common Core</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a reported factor in the decline of academic performance?

<p>Staff shortages in schools (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The educational focus on high-stakes testing has led to an increase in holistic writing approaches.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Comparative Advantage

The principle that entities should specialize in activities where they hold the most efficiency.

Time Management

The process of planning and controlling how much time to spend on specific activities.

Burnout

A state of emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion caused by prolonged and excessive stress.

Delegation

The assignment of responsibilities or tasks to others.

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Absolute Advantage

The ability of an individual or group to carry out a particular economic activity more efficiently than another individual or group.

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Efficiency in Leadership

Using time and resources in a way that maximizes productivity.

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Task Prioritization

Determining the order in which tasks should be completed based on their importance and urgency.

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Hiring Process

The steps involved in recruiting and selecting new employees.

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Empowerment

Giving authority and confidence to others to perform tasks.

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Innovation Focus

Concentrating on creating new ideas and products.

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Building Relationships

Creating trust and communication with colleagues.

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Strategic Planning

Long-term planning to achieve overarching goals.

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Courageous Inquiry

Asking difficult questions for deeper understanding.

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Explorer’s Mindset

A willingness to seek new possibilities and solutions.

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Radical Acceptance

Fully recognizing current realities while envisioning positive futures.

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Sense-Making

Understanding complex situations through data and dialogue.

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Educational Experience

Curriculum designed to prepare students for future challenges.

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Generation Z Challenges

Struggles faced by the newest college cohort.

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Accountability Movement

Education reforms aimed at improving student performance metrics.

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Reading Difficulties

Challenges faced by students in comprehending longer texts.

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Detailed Instructions Expectation

Desire for comprehensive guidelines for assignments.

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L-shaped trough

A container with a cross-section shaped like an 'L'.

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Right angles

An angle that measures 90 degrees.

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Volume calculation

The process of determining the space inside a 3D object.

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Technical vocabulary

Specific terms used in a particular field.

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Subtechnical vocabulary

Terms that are less specific but still related to a field.

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Nontechnical vocabulary

Everyday language that is easily understood by everyone.

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Shallowing hypothesis

The theory that digital reading promotes superficial understanding.

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Leisure digital reading impact

Effects of casual digital reading on comprehension levels.

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Virtual tutoring effectiveness

The capability of online tutoring to match traditional methods.

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Empathetic hearing

Listening with the intent to understand feelings and perspectives.

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Unintended Consequences

Negative effects of educational reforms, like narrowed curricula.

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ELA and Math Curriculum Narrowing

Focus on state tests leads to a limited curriculum.

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Higher-Order Thinking

Type of thinking that involves analysis and evaluation.

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Matthew Effect

The phenomenon where the rich get richer in skills and knowledge.

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Common Core State Standards

Set of educational standards aimed at improving college readiness.

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Leisure Reading

Reading for enjoyment, which correlates to reading proficiency.

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Impact of COVID-19 on Education

Pandemic caused significant setbacks in student learning.

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Characteristics of Generation Z

Traits include seeking purpose, being grades-focused, and questioning authority.

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Real-world Connections

Students appreciate when learning is applicable to their lives.

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Pressure to be Perfect

Gen Z students often feel overwhelmed by social media standards.

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Authenticity over Credentials

Gen Z values genuine teacher engagement more than their titles.

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Pedagogical Shifts

Adapting teaching methods to better engage with Gen Z students.

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Student-Centered Learning

An approach focusing on students' needs and experiences.

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Role-Playing in Education

Using drama and scenarios to engage students in learning.

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Social Safety Net in Education

Schools also provide social services beyond academics.

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Instructional Tools

Methods or materials used to enhance learning, such as music or games.

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Jeopardy in Education

Using the game format of Jeopardy to reinforce learning through competition.

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Gen Z Learning Preferences

The desire for connections between practical skills and education among Gen Z students.

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Civic Education

Education focusing on understanding rights, responsibilities, and civic involvement.

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TSN Vocabulary Model

A framework identifying three types of vocabulary for math: technical, subtechnical, and nontechnical.

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Vocabulary Preview Steps

Process of previewing language in a math problem to identify key vocabulary.

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Contextual Understanding

The need for background knowledge to solve problems effectively.

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Feedback in Learning

Providing responses to students’ work to enhance their understanding.

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Scaffolding in Education

Support provided to students to help them succeed in learning tasks.

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Understanding Math Word Problems

The ability to comprehend and solve math problems by identifying relevant vocabulary.

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Teacher's Role in Vocabulary

Teachers guiding students through vocabulary to enhance problem-solving skills.

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Study Notes

Applying the Theory of Comparative Advantage to Time Management

  • Leaders should focus on tasks where they have a unique advantage, delegating others.
  • Prioritizing tasks by importance is inefficient; focusing on unique capabilities is more effective.
  • Leaders should delegate tasks with only a modest advantage for others.
  • Leaders should identify and focus on their strong comparative advantages within the organization.
  • Maintaining sufficient personal time for tasks requiring unique leadership abilities.

Twelve Questions for Deeper Strategic Planning

  • Schools need to move beyond tactical issues to broader questions (purpose, vision, and the kind of society fostered.)
  • Critical questions for strategic planning include: what is sacred, what is learning, where is the power, why do we [do something], who is unheard, are we literate, are we OK, are we connected, what’s our story, what is success, what’s next, what is our legacy.
  • Strategic planning must adopt an explorer’s mindset, hope, radical acceptance and imagination, and sense-making.

What’s Going On With College Kids Today?

  • Gen Z college students demonstrate challenges in reading longer texts, writing college-level essays, engaging with academics, expecting detailed instructions, seeking detailed grade breakdowns, and needing more support and time.
  • One contributing factor is the K-12 accountability movement, which led to a narrowed curriculum, focusing heavily on testing, and skimping on higher-order thinking skills.
  • The Common Core State Standards also influenced this, prioritizing close reading and textual evidence at the expense of broader reading and thinking.
  • Technology, like cell phones and social media as well as the pandemic, contributed to reduced leisure reading and its related impacts on reading comprehension abilities.

Pointers for Educating Generation Z

  • Gen Z students are highly motivated by purpose and real-world relevance.
  • Personal connection and genuine interest increase student engagement.
  • Gen Z students show a desire to avoid the pressure of perfection.
  • Authenticity and passion of the instructor are important to Gen Z.
  • A more personalized style of teaching with active learning components and connections to their lives is beneficial.

With Word Problems, Looking Beyond Math Vocabulary

  • Students struggle with word problems, even if arithmetic skills are strong.
  • The problem stems from unrelatable story elements, not just math vocabulary.
  • Math word problems require analyzing technical, subtechnical, and nontechnical vocabulary.
  • Teachers should focus on understanding all elements of vocabulary within the problem.

Leisure Reading, Digital Devices, and Reading Comprehension

  • Digital reading has a negative impact on reading comprehension for elementary and middle school students.
  • However, digital reading has a positive impact on reading comprehension for high school and university students.
  • The impact of digital reading over a person's lifetime is positive but less so than print reading due to elements of digital reading being considered shallow.

Promising Research on Virtual Tutoring

  • Virtual tutoring can be nearly as effective as in-person tutoring, but requires careful implementation.
  • Effective virtual tutoring requires well-trained, coached tutors; live virtual sessions; language accommodations for English learners; structured programs with goals; well-aligned curriculum and materials; individualized support; continuous progress review; and strategies for ensuring student engagement.

Short Item: Help Dealing with Controversy

  • A toolkit provides step-by-step guidance for handling controversial issues in K-12 schools.
  • The toolkit emphasizes the importance of values, vision, areas of agreement and disagreement, active and empathetic listening, identifying core elements, developing a stance, balancing benefits for everyone, and pivoting in real time.

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