Storm Drainage Systems Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of a storm drainage system?

  • To irrigate gardens and lawns
  • To store rainwater for future use
  • To purify water before disposal
  • To collect and convey storm water or rainwater (correct)

Which device is specifically designed to collect rainwater from a roof?

  • Catch basin
  • Junction box
  • Roof drain (correct)
  • Sub-soil drain

What is the purpose of a catch basin in a storm drainage system?

  • To provide irrigation for gardens
  • To collect rainwater and surface run-off (correct)
  • To hold storm water temporarily
  • To filter pollutants from rainwater

What does a junction box do in a storm drainage system?

<p>Acts as a connecting unit for storm drainage pipes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of drain is used to collect sub-surface water?

<p>Sub-soil drain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following areas is NOT typically drained by a storm drainage system?

<p>Filtered water wells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main material used to construct a sub-soil drainage system?

<p>Perforated pipes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a storm drain pipe?

<p>To convey rainwater and surface run-off to disposal sites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a downspout/conductor in a storm drainage system?

<p>To convey collected rainwater to the storm drain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component serves as a connection between the gutter and the downspout?

<p>Leader (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a primary drainage system from a secondary drainage system?

<p>The primary system is designed for normal usage without treatment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which locations is a sump (storm water) typically found?

<p>Below the elevation of a gravity drainage system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an area drain most commonly used for?

<p>Collecting surface run-off in open areas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a controlled storm drainage system manage storm water?

<p>By slowing the release of water to the drainage system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'projected roof area' refer to?

<p>The horizontal component of a sloped roof (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum slope required toward each roof drain to assure positive drainage?

<p>0.5 percent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is necessary when designing a roof that will be used as a reservoir?

<p>Ensure the roof structure can support the weight of water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situation is a secondary drainage system particularly important?

<p>In case of blocked primary drains or extremely heavy rainfall (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of installing a stormwater system?

<p>To lead stormwater away from the building and site in a timely manner (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where should downspouts for high-rise buildings be installed?

<p>In a location strong enough to resist hydrostatic pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which material is NOT typically used for belowground pipes outside a building?

<p>Galvanized iron (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the requirement for the number of roof drains in a building over 10,000 sq.ft.?

<p>At least four roof drains (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided regarding storm drain discharge?

<p>Discharging into a septic tank (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a '1-percent probability' in stormwater design?

<p>It suggests the stated intensity is expected to occur once every hundred years. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should exterior storm drains be ideally connected?

<p>To a storm sewer outside the building (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drainage pipe is used for subsoil drainage?

<p>Perforated vitrified clay pipe (VCP) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about rainwater piping?

<p>It should not be subjected to damage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors determine the sizing of a stormwater drainage system?

<p>Rate of rainfall intensity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of pipe is typically used for indoor rainwater piping in a medium-height basement?

<p>Cast iron soil pipe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the statement 'rainfall during a 15-minute period as it may happen once per 100 years' imply?

<p>It suggests a specific statistical occasion of intense rainfall. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the materials used for stormwater systems?

<p>Lightweight for ease of handling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes one side of a pitched roof to intercept more rain than the other side?

<p>The angle at which rain falls (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a permissible material for aboveground rainwater downspouts?

<p>Cast iron (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How high must strainers extend above the surface of the roof?

<p>102 mm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum net inlet area required for dome-type strainers?

<p>1½ times the outlet pipe's area (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following materials is NOT permissible for roof drains?

<p>Welded joints (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum total net inlet area required for drains serving sun decks?

<p>At least two times the area of the outlet pipe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should a roof drain that passes through the roof into the building be made watertight?

<p>By using cast iron (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For low-rise buildings, what is the minimum gauge for galvanized sheet metal used for rainwater conductors?

<p>26 ga. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Storm drainage system

A system designed to collect, convey, and discharge rainwater to a suitable location.

Roof drain

A device that collects rainwater from a roof and directs it to a downspout.

Downspout

A pipe that carries rainwater from the roof drain to the point of disposal.

Catch basin

A device that collects rainwater and surface runoff from downspouts and ground surfaces, respectively.

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Junction box

A unit where multiple storm drainage pipes converge and connect to a single outlet pipe.

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Junction box-Area drain

A junction box that also serves as an area drain with an open cover, allowing surface runoff to flow in.

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Storm drain pipe

A pipe that collects rainwater or surface runoff and conveys it to a disposal location.

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Sub-soil drain

A drainage system using perforated pipes to collect subsurface water and convey it to a disposal point.

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Gutter

An external trough on a roof that collects rainwater and directs it to a downspout.

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Leader

A horizontal part of a drainage system that connects the gutter to the downspout.

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Downspout/Conductor

A vertical pipe that carries rainwater from the leader to the drainage system.

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Sump (storm water)

A pit below ground level that collects rainwater, groundwater, or wastewater.

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Sump pump (storm water)

A pump that removes water from a sump.

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Projected roof area/horizontal projected roof area

The horizontal area of a sloped roof, as if it were flattened.

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Primary drainage system

A storm drainage system designed for normal weather conditions.

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Pitched Roof Rainfall

The amount of rain intercepted by a pitched roof on one side is greater than the other side due to the angle of the rain.

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Average Rainfall on Pitched Roof

Despite the uneven interception, the total rainfall on both sides of a pitched roof is equal to that of a flat roof.

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Rainwater Downspouts (Interior)

Pipes used for carrying rainwater from aboveground, often within the interior of a building.

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Rainwater Downspouts (Exterior)

External pipes for rainwater drainage, typically used for low-rise buildings.

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Roof Drain System

Drainage systems for rooftops, collecting rainwater to a specific discharge point.

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Roof Drain Strainer

A device within the roof drain that catches debris and prevents it from clogging the drainpipes.

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Flat-Surface Roof Drain Strainer

Strainers designed for flat, accessible surfaces like sun decks or parking areas.

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Watertight Roof Drain Connection

Making the connection between the roof drain and interior of the building watertight to prevent leaks.

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Storm Water Drainage System

A pipe or conductor system that collects, conveys, and discharges rainwater away from a structure and site, preventing water accumulation and potential damage.

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Subsoil Drainage

A system using pipes that collect and convey water that has seeped into the ground, diverting it outwards.

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Rainfall Rate

The rate at which rainfall occurs within a specific time frame, often measured in inches per hour or minutes.

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0.5% slope on roofs

The minimum slope required for a roof to ensure water flows towards drains, avoiding standing water or ponding.

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Secondary drainage system

A safety feature for storm drainage systems, often used in areas prone to heavy rainfall or potential clogging.

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Storm drain discharge regulations

Storm drain pipes cannot be connected to septic tanks or regular sewer lines, except for designated storm or combined sewer lines.

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Protection for rainwater piping

Rainwater piping should be protected from damage in areas that might pose risks such as freezing, heavy traffic, or structural elements.

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Storm water sump

A pit below ground level used for collecting and pumping out storm water in areas with low elevation compared to the sewer line.

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Storm water sump pump

A pump that removes water from a storm water sump and discharges it to a drainage system or other appropriate location.

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Study Notes

Storm Drainage Systems

  • A storm drainage system collects, conveys, and discharges rainwater from buildings and sites to disposal points. This includes roofs, courtyards, patios, gardens, and open areas. Parking lots and roadways are also included.
  • Roof drains collect water from roofs and convey it to a disposal point via conductors (downspouts).
  • Gutters are troughs that collect rainwater from roofs and direct it to leaders.
  • Leaders are horizontal components connecting gutters to downspouts.
  • Downspouts/conductors are vertical components that convey rainwater.
  • Catch basins are box-like devices collecting rainwater from downspouts and ground surfaces.
  • Junction boxes connect multiple drainage pipes to one outlet.
  • Junction box-area drains are multi-functional, acting as junctions and area drains.
  • Storm drain pipes convey rainwater to a suitable disposal system.
  • Sub-soil drains collect subsurface water and convey it to disposal points.
  • Controlled storm drains, slowly releasing roof water, are a specific system.
  • Primary storm drain systems are general use systems.
  • Secondary storm drain systems are for heavy storm overflow control, and often involve treatment.
  • Sumps, located below gravity systems, receive liquid waste and rainwater.
  • Sump pumps remove liquid from sumps.
  • Projected roof areas are horizontal components of sloping or pitched roofs.

Roof Drain Materials and Strainers

  • Roof drains are typically made of corrosion-resistant materials like cast iron, galvanized iron, copper, or brass.
  • Strainers are part of roof drains, extending above the roof surface.
  • Dome-type strainers have a minimum inlet area, usually 1.5 times the outlet pipe area.
  • Flat-surface strainers on level areas should have a minimum inlet area of 2 times the outlet pipe area.
  • Roof drains passing through roofs to interiors should be sealed (watertight) using waterstop rings.
  • Roof drain outlets are typically caulked or female-screwed.

Design Principles of Storm Drainage Systems

  • Storm drainage systems aim to quickly convey rainwater away from buildings to keep surfaces dry.
  • System sizing is based on rainfall rates rather than total rainfall.
  • Rainfall rates vary by intensity and frequency of occurrence.
  • Storm drainage design should account for code-mandated primary and secondary systems for heavy rainfall.
  • Secondary systems provide overflow control.
  • Drainage should be towards areas with lower elevation.

General Storm Drainage System Installation Guidelines

  • Storm drains should not discharge into septic tanks or sanitary sewers except in designated storm sewer lines.
  • Rainwater piping should not be used for other waste and vent piping.
  • Rainwater piping in vulnerable locations should be protected.
  • Used roof drains and piping should be tested and approved according to local codes.

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