Storage Requirements for Commodities
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Questions and Answers

How does altitude affect the feasibility of certain cooling methods for crops?

  • It decreases air temperature, enhancing cooling methods. (correct)
  • It increases humidity, making cooling methods less viable.
  • It makes evaporative cooling less effective.
  • It has no impact on cooling methods.

    • What is a common method for storing citrus crops in Southern China?

  • Standard refrigeration units.
  • Underground storage. (correct)
  • Open-air drying.
  • Above ground cooling systems.

    • Which of the following commodities is known to store better in lower relative humidity environments?

  • Oranges.
  • Apples.
  • Berries.
  • Onions and garlic. (correct)

    • What is a disadvantage of commercially constructed cold rooms?

    <p>They can be quite expensive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods can be used to manipulate the air composition in a storage environment?

    <p>Decreasing ventilation or using gas absorbers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What equipment could be repurposed for creating a cold room?

    <p>Refrigerated transportation equipment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the methods recommended to protect certain crops during storage?

    <p>Curing by drying the external layers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of large-scale controlled atmosphere storage?

    <p>It requires complex technology and management skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended storage temperature range for fresh olives?

    <p>41-50°F</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fruit has a storage duration of 2-3 weeks?

    <p>Lychees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimal storage duration for Jerusalem artichokes?

    <p>+5 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following greens has the highest recommended storage temperature?

    <p>Haricot vert (fine beans)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended storage temperature for Japanese eggplant?

    <p>46-54°F</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can mangoes typically be stored?

    <p>2-3 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vegetable can be stored for 34 weeks?

    <p>Onions, green</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature range for the storage of kumquats?

    <p>40-45°F</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fruit has a storage duration of 6 months?

    <p>Kiwano</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum storage temperature for grapes, Vinifera?

    <p>30-31°F</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate storage life of Amaranth under specified conditions?

    <p>10-14 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature range should fresh beans be stored to maximize their life?

    <p>4-10 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum storage duration for peaches based on the provided information?

    <p>2-4 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fruit has the shortest storage life based on the provided information?

    <p>Blackberries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can cucumbers be stored under optimal conditions?

    <p>10-14 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fruits has the longest average storage duration?

    <p>Sweetpotatoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vegetables can be stored for the longest period?

    <p>Cabbage, late</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What temperature range is specified for the storage of peppers?

    <p>32-34°F</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended storage life of Avocados, Fuerte, Hass?

    <p>2 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vegetable can be stored at the highest temperature?

    <p>Watercress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can you store pomegranates according to the data?

    <p>2-3 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What relative humidity level is ideal for storing Brussels sprouts?

    <p>95-100%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fruits is best stored at a temperature of 13 °C?

    <p>Cherimoya</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fruits has the shortest storage duration?

    <p>Raspberries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relative humidity requirement for storing apricots?

    <p>90-95%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate storage period for sweet peppers?

    <p>2-3 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For how long can cranberries be stored effectively?

    <p>24 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal storage duration for plantains?

    <p>1-5 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these vegetables requires a storage temperature of 32°F?

    <p>Turnip greens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approximate storage life is given for fresh ginger root?

    <p>4-6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vegetable has a longer storage life, carrots, immature or carrots, mature?

    <p>Carrots, mature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fruits has a storage requirement of 55-58°F?

    <p>Plantains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tropical fruit can be stored for the shortest duration based on the content?

    <p>Avocados, Fuchs, Pollock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be avoided to ensure high-quality storage of horticultural crops?

    <p>Presence of damaged or diseased units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy does NOT help in temperature management during storage?

    <p>Maintaining high ethylene levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are square buildings preferred over rectangular buildings for storage?

    <p>They have less wall area per unit of volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended air flow rate during the cooling process for horticultural produce?

    <p>100 cfm/ton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of materials does the FAO recommend for constructing storage structures in tropical regions?

    <p>Ferro-cement with thick walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of poor ventilation in storage containers?

    <p>Increased humidity levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should commodities stored together be compatible in ethylene sensitivity?

    <p>To prevent undesirable physiological changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended air flow rate after cooling has been completed?

    <p>20 to 40 cfm/ton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    ### Storage Requirements

    • Produce must be of high quality, undamaged and free of disease to be stored.
    • Storage practices include temperature control, humidity control, air circulation, and proper container spacing for ventilation.
    • Commodities stored together should be compatible in terms of temperature, humidity, and ethylene tolerance.
    • High ethylene producers can negatively impact sensitive commodities, causing undesirable changes in color, flavor, and texture.
    • Square storage buildings are more energy-efficient than rectangular ones as they minimize wall area.
    • Strategies for temperature management include shading, painting buildings white, and using roof sprinkler systems for evaporative cooling.
    • In tropical regions, ferro-cement construction with thick walls is recommended for insulation.
    • Low-cost cold rooms can be built using concrete floors and polyurethane foam insulation.
    • Cube-shaped storerooms reduce surface area per unit volume, minimizing construction and refrigeration costs.
    • Proper sealing of joints and the door is essential to maintain temperature control.
    • Ventilation systems should maintain an airflow rate of 100 cfm/ton during cooling, decreasing to 20-40 cfm/ton for maintenance.
    • A greater evaporator coil area in refrigerators minimizes temperature differences and moisture loss during cooling.
    • Higher altitudes are favorable for storage due to lower air temperatures, making methods like evaporative, night, and radiant cooling more effective.
    • Underground storage is practiced for citrus crops in Southern China, while apples are stored in caves in Northwest China.
    • This technology was widely used in the U.S. during the early 1900s.
    • Onions and garlic require lower relative humidity for optimal storage.
    • Curing these crops by drying the outer layers before handling and storage protects them from decay and water loss.
    • While commercially built cold rooms can be expensive, small-scale operators can utilize self-constructed, prefabricated, or repurposed transportation equipment.
    • The air composition in storage can be adjusted by controlling ventilation rates or utilizing absorbers like potassium permanganate or activated charcoal.

    Controlled Atmosphere Storage (CA)

    • Complex technologies and management skills are required for large-scale CA storage.
    • Simple methods exist for handling smaller produce volumes.
    • A detailed table provides recommended temperatures, relative humidity, and storage life for various fruits and vegetables.
    • This table is based on the information in Hardenburg et al., 1986.
    • The storage life is presented in days, weeks, or months.
    • The table includes a wide variety of common fruits and vegetables, offering a valuable resource for storage practices.

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential storage requirements for perishable commodities. Key concepts include the importance of temperature and humidity control, compatibility of stored items, and effective building design for energy efficiency. Understand how to create optimal storage conditions to preserve quality and prevent spoilage.

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