Stonehenge Monument History Quiz

Leonardo da Vinci

• Born in 1452 in Vinci, Italy, as an illegitimate child
• Apprenticed under Verrocchio in Florence at 15 and refined his skills
• Developed his unique technique called sfumato, which avoids harsh outlines and gives paintings a sense of depth
• Surpassed his teacher Verrocchio and became a professional painter in Milan
• Completed the Virgin of the Rocks and the Last Supper in Milan, using a new Renaissance technique called perspective
• Focused on scientific studies and drew plans for various inventions, including flying machines, water systems, and bridges
• Made meticulous illustrations and entries in his notebooks, revealing his true genius
• Drew the Vitruvian Man, a drawing that explains the proportions of the human body
• Painted the Mona Lisa, which is still widely admired today

Michelangelo

• Created the statue of David in 1501, a masterpiece of Renaissance art
• Worked in secrecy on the statue, which was finally unveiled to a gasp of wonder
• The statue depicts David, rock in hand, preparing to defeat Goliath
• The statue is considered a masterpiece and has been admired for nearly 400 years

Filippo Brunelleschi

• Built the dome of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence, Italy, in 1418
• Proposed a daring plan using innovative methods to build the dome
• Designed an inner and outer shell held together by giant brick arches and interlocking rings of stone and wood
• Built machines to move heavy loads and lay bricks in a herringbone pattern
• Completed the dome in 16 years, leaving behind no sketches or details of how he achieved it

Baroque

• The term "Baroque" comes from Middle French or Portuguese
• No further information provided about the Baroque period or style

Cologne Cathedral

• Built in Cologne, Germany, in the 12th century to house the relics of the three wise men
• Constructed on a spiritual site with a wooden construction and metal framework
• Features an eerie pathway and beautiful stained glass
• Has undergone restoration and construction work, with 100 craftsmen working on it daily
• Remains an architectural masterpiece and a testament to the city's history

Chartres Cathedral

• Built in Chartres, France, in the 13th century
• Rebuilt after a fire in 1194, with a unified architecture, statuary, and stained glass
• Captures the spirit of the 13th century, the "Age of Faith"
• Features Gothic architecture, with columns, pointed arches, and buttresses
• Famous for its stained glass and statues, which tell the story of the Christian faith

Early Civilizations

• Early humans transitioned from a nomadic lifestyle to a permanent one, leading to the development of early civilizations
• Paleolithic art focused on cave paintings and was a product of climate change
• Neolithic art developed when life became more stable, featuring geometrically abstract designs and monumental structures
• Egyptian art flourished during the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms, with famous structures like pyramids and mortuary temples
• Art is an essential aspect of any civilization, often emerging simultaneously with basic human needs like food, shelter, and community law