Stone Age Chronology and Lifestyles
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Questions and Answers

What British engineer made the first modern concrete by adding pebbles as a coarse aggregate and mixing powdered brick into the cement?

  • John Smeaton (correct)
  • Joseph Monier
  • Joseph Aspdin
  • Charles William Siemens

    • What is the property of a material to absorb water vapor from the air called?

  • Specific Weight
  • Hygroscopicity (correct)
  • Water Absorption
  • Porosity

    • What does the term 'specific weight' refer to?

  • The weight per unit volume of a material (correct)
  • The ability of a material to endure alternate wet and dry conditions for a long period without considerable deformation and loss of mechanical strength
  • The degree to which the volume of the material is interspersed with pores
  • The ratio of weight/mass of a given volume of solids to the weight/mass of an equal volume of water at 4 degrees Celsius

    • Who invented Portland Cement in 1824?

    <p>Joseph Aspdin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What denotes the ability of the material to absorb and retain water?

    <p>Water Absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who invented Reinforced Concrete and patented it in 1867?

    <p>Joseph Monier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio that indicates the degree to which the volume of a material is filled with solid matter called?

    <p>Density Index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does porosity refer to?

    <p>The degree to which the volume of the material is interspersed with pores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does specific gravity refer to?

    <p>The ratio of weight/mass of a given volume of solids to the weight/mass of an equal volume of water at 4 degrees Celsius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What British engineer made the first modern concrete by adding pebbles as a coarse aggregate and mixing powdered brick into the cement?

    <p>John Smeaton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which Stone Age period did farming and permanent settlements begin?

    <p>Neolithic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stone structure is known as the most imposing megalithic monument in existence?

    <p>Stonehenge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material was extensively used by the Assyrians for construction?

    <p>Alabaster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which period is associated with the Ziggurat at Ur and the Tower of Babel?

    <p>Mesopotamian Period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which timber was used by the Egyptians for roofing?

    <p>Date Palm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Stone Age period was characterized by nomadic hunting?

    <p>Paleolithic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the chief building material during the Roman period?

    <p>Concrete</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material was used for cementing in the Mesopotamian period?

    <p>Bitumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stone structure is a circular arrangement of megaliths enclosing a dolmen or burial mound?

    <p>Cromlech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stone was used by the Egyptians for masonry materials?

    <p>Alabaster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main ingredient of lime putty used in plaster and cement?

    <p>Calcium hydroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ancient civilization extensively used lime for mortars and plasters?

    <p>Greeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lime sets under water and is used where slow underwater setting is required?

    <p>Hydraulic Lime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was used as a plaster by the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans?

    <p>Gypsum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Romans develop by mixing lime putty and volcanic ash?

    <p>Portland cement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of mixing quicklime with water to create calcium hydroxide known as?

    <p>Slaking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of heating gypsum rock and losing about three-fourths of its combined water?

    <p>Plaster of Paris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the type of cement first developed by the Romans?

    <p>Pozzolana (volcanic ash) cement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of material is added to gypsum plaster to render it more plastic?

    <p>Hydrated lime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal type of cement in use today?

    <p>Portland cement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the hardening of concrete upon hydration become in terms of strength, hardness, and durability?

    <p>Stone-like</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'setting' refer to in concrete?

    <p>The hardening of concrete</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what form is concrete known as when mixed with water and a fine aggregate of less than 6mm (¼")?

    <p>Mortar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to protect cement at the building site from injury through contact with dampness?

    <p>Store it in a shed with a wood floor raised about 300mm (12&quot;) from the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the lower layers of cement are stored in high piles for long periods?

    <p>The lower layers harden due to the pressure above</p> Signup and view all the answers

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