Stoichiometry Basics and Problem Solving

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Questions and Answers

How many moles of potassium chlorate (KClO3) are required to produce 1.5 moles of oxygen gas (O2) in the reaction: 2KClO3(s) → 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g)?

  • 1.0 mol (correct)
  • 1.5 mol
  • 2.0 mol
  • 3.0 mol

In the reaction 4P(s) + 5O2(g) → P4O10(s), what mass of phosphorus (P) is needed to react completely with 10.0 grams of oxygen (O2)?

  • 31.0 g
  • 24.8 g (correct)
  • 12.4 g
  • 6.20 g

In the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (2H2O2(aq) → 2H2O(l) + O2(g)), if 5.0 grams of hydrogen peroxide decomposes, what mass of oxygen is produced?

  • 1.6 g (correct)
  • 3.2 g
  • 6.4 g
  • 12.8 g

What is the mole ratio between potassium chlorate (KClO3) and potassium chloride (KCl) in the reaction 2KClO3(s) → 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g)?

<p>1:1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the reaction 4P(s) + 5O2(g) → P4O10(s), what mass of P4O10 is produced when 5.00 g of phosphorus (P) reacts completely with excess oxygen?

<p>15.5 g (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If 2.50 mol of H2O2 decomposes according to the reaction 2H2O2(aq) → 2H2O(l) + O2(g), how many grams of oxygen gas (O2) will be produced?

<p>48.0 g (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mass of phosphorus (P) is required to react completely with 10.0 g of oxygen (O2) in the reaction 4P(s) + 5O2(g) → P4O10(s)?

<p>12.4 g (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the reaction 2H2O2(aq) → 2H2O(l) + O2(g), how many moles of oxygen (O2) are produced when 1.00 mol of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) decomposes?

<p>0.50 mol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g), how many moles of NH3 are produced when 7.5 moles of H2 react completely?

<p>5.0 mol NH3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step involved in solving stoichiometry problems based on the provided text?

<p>Identifying the excess reactant in the reaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the 'data table' used in the problem-solving example?

<p>To organize the given information and the unknown quantities needed to be calculated. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In practice problem 1, how many moles of sodium (Na) are required to produce 4.0 moles of hydrogen (H2)?

<p>8.0 mol Na (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the reaction 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(l) → Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g), how many moles of H2SO4 are needed to react completely with 12 mol of Al?

<p>18 mol H2SO4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the reaction 2LiBr(aq) + Cl2(g) → 2LiCl(aq) + Br2(l), if 0.046 mol of LiBr reacts completely, how many moles of LiCl are formed?

<p>0.046 mol LiCl (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass of water produced by burning 500.g of methane, given the following reaction: CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)

<p>900 g (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Sample Problem 3, the molar mass of Al2O3 was used to convert from grams of Al2O3 to moles of Al2O3. What is the numerical value of this molar mass?

<p>101.96 g/mol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept is central to the calculation of the amount of product formed in a chemical reaction, as demonstrated in the example problems?

<p>Stoichiometry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Sample Problem 3, what is the mole ratio used to convert moles of Al2O3 to moles of Al?

<p>4 mol Al / 2 mol Al2O3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The step "Multiply by the mole ratio of NH3 to H2 determined from the coefficients of the balanced equation." in the PLAN section relates most directly to which of these concepts?

<p>Stoichiometric coefficients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Practice problem 1, what is the molar mass of Na2CO3 used to calculate the moles of Na2CO3?

<p>105.99 g/mol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of sodium carbonate with nitric acid, as shown in Practice problem 1?

<p>Na2CO3(s) + 2HNO3(aq) → 2NaNO3(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Practice problem 2, what is the mole ratio of hydrogen to iron in the balanced equation for the production of hydrogen gas?

<p>4 mol H2 / 3 mol Fe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molar mass of the product, Fe3O4, in the Practice problem 2 equation?

<p>231.53 g/mol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Sample Problem 4, how many moles of methane are present in 500. g of methane?

<p>31.2 mol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mole ratio between CH4 and H2O in the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of methane?

<p>1:2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the calculation of the mass of H2O produced, why is the molar mass of CH4 used?

<p>To convert grams of CH4 to moles of CH4. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the mass of CH4 used was doubled, what would happen to the mass of H2O produced?

<p>It would be doubled. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass of silver bromide produced from 50.0 g of silver nitrate using the reaction: 2AgNO3(aq) + MgBr2(aq) → 2AgBr(s) + Mg(NO3)2(aq)?

<p>49.8 g (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass of calcium carbide (CaC2) needed to produce 100 g of acetylene (C2H2) using the reaction: CaC2(s) + 2H2O(l) → C2H2(g) + Ca(OH)2(s)?

<p>200 g (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step involved in calculating the mass of a product in a chemical reaction?

<p>Balancing the chemical equation for the reaction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the concept of mole ratio important in stoichiometry?

<p>It allows us to relate the number of moles of reactants and products in a chemical reaction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many grams of chlorine gas (Cl2) are produced from the reaction of 25.0 g of MnO2 using the reaction: MnO2(s) + 4HCl(aq) → MnCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l) + Cl2(g)?

<p>25.0 g (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the BEST definition of stoichiometry?

<p>The study of the relationships between the amounts of reactants and products in a chemical reaction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the sandwich recipe analogy, what is the mole ratio of bread slices to turkey slices in the recipe?

<p>2:2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the coefficient of ZnO in the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of zinc with oxygen? (2Zn + O2 → 2ZnO)

<p>2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the balanced chemical equation 2Zn + O2 → 2ZnO, how many moles of ZnO can be produced from 5 moles of Zn?

<p>5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step involved in solving stoichiometry problems?

<p>Calculating the enthalpy change of the reaction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molar mass of zinc oxide (ZnO)?

<p>81.38 g/mol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the reaction 2Zn + O2 → 2ZnO, if you have 10 grams of zinc, how many grams of zinc oxide (ZnO) can you theoretically produce?

<p>24.90 g (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a limiting reactant?

<p>The reactant that is completely consumed in a chemical reaction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Molar Mass

The mass of one mole of a substance, usually in grams.

Stoichiometry

The calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions.

Mole Ratio

A ratio derived from the coefficients of a balanced equation, used to convert between moles of different substances.

Balanced Equation

An equation that has equal numbers of each type of atom on both sides, showing conservation of mass.

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Significant Figures

Digits that carry meaning contributing to a number's precision.

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Mass of Substance B

The weight of substance B calculated from moles and molar mass.

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Reactants

Substances consumed in a chemical reaction, shown on the left side of a balanced equation.

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Products

Substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction, found on the right side of a balanced equation.

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Balanced Chemical Equation

An equation where the number of each type of atom is the same on both sides.

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Chemical Reaction

A process where reactants transform into products.

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Conversion of Mass

Changing grams of a substance to moles using molar mass.

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Conversion Factor

A ratio used to convert from one unit to another.

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Mass Calculation for H2O

The process of calculating the mass of water produced from burning CH4.

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Grams to Moles Conversion

Transforming mass in grams into amount in moles using molar mass.

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Propane Combustion Reaction

C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O shows propane burning in oxygen.

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Moles of CO2 from Propane

From 3.85 mol of propane, 11.6 mol of CO2 are produced.

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Moles of H2O from Propane

From 3.85 mol of propane, 15.4 mol of H2O are produced.

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O2 Consumption in Propane Combustion

0.647 mol of O2 produces 0.388 mol CO2 and 0.518 mol H2O.

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Moles of C3H8 Consumed

When 0.647 mol of O2 is used, 0.129 mol of C3H8 is consumed.

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Potassium Chlorate Reaction

2KClO3 → 2KCl + 3O2 shows decomposing KClO3 to produce O2.

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Mass of KClO3 for O2 Production

To produce 0.50 mol O2, 41 g of KClO3 is required.

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Conversion from Moles to Mass

Use mole ratios to convert moles of reactants to mass.

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Molar mass of Al2O3

The mass of one mole of aluminum oxide, approximately 101.96 g/mol.

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Mole ratio in reactions

The ratio of moles of reactants and products derived from the balanced chemical equation.

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Calculating moles from mass

Using the formula: Moles = mass (g) / molar mass (g/mol).

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Conversion factor in chemistry

A ratio used to convert one unit to another, based on the mole ratio from the equation.

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Combustion of methane

A chemical reaction where methane reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.

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Water produced in reactions

The amount of water formed as a product in a combustion reaction.

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Kilograms to grams conversion

To convert kilograms to grams, multiply by 1000.

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Study Notes

Stoichiometry

  • Stoichiometry is the process of relating amounts of reactants and products in a chemical reaction to one another.
  • Chemists use chemical equations to make predictions about quantities of substances reacting or being produced.
  • Stoichiometry uses mole ratios to calculate quantities.
  • Using an analogy of making sandwiches, the recipe demonstrates how ingredients (reactants) relate to a product (sandwich).
  • Zinc reacts with oxygen to produce zinc oxide, according to the equation 2Zn + O2 → 2ZnO.
  • This equation illustrates the relationship between reactants and products in a chemical reaction.

General Plan for Solving Stoichiometry Problems

  • A general plan for solving stoichiometry problems is presented.
  • This involves using molar mass conversions to determine amounts in moles.
  • The mole ratio from the balanced chemical equation is used to convert between moles of reactants and products.
  • Finally, molar mass conversions are used to convert the amount (in moles of substance B) to mass.

Sample Problem 1

  • Ammonia is produced by reacting nitrogen and hydrogen: N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g).
  • If 4.0 mol of H2 react, the amount of NH3 produced is calculated by multiplying by the mole ratio (2 mol NH3/3 mol H2) which yields 2.7 mol NH3.

Sample Problem 2

  • Potassium chlorate decomposes to generate oxygen: 2KClO3(s) → 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g).
  • To produce 0.50 mol of O2, the mass of KClO3 needed is calculated by using mole ratios and molar masses from the balanced equation.
    • The result is 41 g of KClO3 for 0.50 mol of O2.

Sample Problem 3

  • Aluminum reacts with sulfuric acid: 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(l) → Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g).
  • The calculation of moles of aluminum produced from 30 kg of Al2O3 is determined by using molar masses and mole ratios. Calculating moles of Al produced from 30 kg Al2O3 is 588 mol Al.

Sample Problem 4

  • Methane burns in air: CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g).
  • The mass of water produced by burning 500 g of methane is calculated by using the equations and molar masses.
    • 500 g of methane produces 1120g of H2O.

Practice Problems

  • Various practice problems about reactions: calculating moles, masses and ratios of involved reactants and products are provided.
    • Including the calculations for Sodium carbonate, Hydrogen, Phosphorus, and more.

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