Stoichiometric Mixture Dilution with Solid Solute

Stoichiometric Mixture Dilution Preparation of a Solution by Using a Solid Solute

A stoichiometric mixture is a combination of two or more substances in their balanced chemical reaction proportions. In chemistry, stoichiometry is crucial for understanding how substances interact and react with each other. One important aspect of stoichiometry is the preparation of diluted solutions using a solid solute. In this article, we will discuss the concepts of stoichiometric mixture, molarity calculations, solution preparation, and dilution preparation, focusing on the use of a solid solute.

Stoichiometric Mixture

A stoichiometric mixture is a uniform mixture of reactants or products in a balanced chemical equation. The stoichiometric coefficients in a balanced chemical equation provide the relative numbers of the chemical species, allowing a quantitative assessment of the relationships between the amounts of substances consumed and produced by the reaction. In the balanced equation:

[\ce{2 Na(s) + 2HCl(aq) \rightarrow 2NaCl(aq) + H2(g)}]

the elements present in the reaction are represented by their chemical symbols. Based on the Law of Conservation of Mass, every chemical reaction has the same elements in its reactants and products, though the elements they are paired up with often change in a reaction.

Molarity Calculations

Molarity is the concentration of a solute in a solution, expressed in moles per liter (mol/L) or millimoles per liter (mmol/L). Molarity is an important parameter in stoichiometry and dilution calculations. To prepare a dilute solution from a stock solution, you need to know the molarity of the stock solution and the desired molarity of the dilute solution. The relationship between the volume and concentration of the stock and dilute solutions is given by:

[(V_s)(M_s) = moles: of: solute = (V_d)(M_d)]

where (V_s) is the volume of the stock solution, (M_s) is the molarity of the stock solution, (V_d) is the volume of the dilute solution, and (M_d) is the molarity of the dilute solution.

Solution Preparation

Solution preparation involves dissolving a known mass of a solute in a solvent to obtain a solution with a specific concentration. This can be achieved by following the stoichiometric coefficients in a balanced chemical equation. For example, if you have a 3.00 M glucose stock solution, you can prepare 2500 mL of the diluted solution by dissolving the solute in a solvent and diluting it to the desired volume. The mass of the solute required can be calculated using the molarity and volume of the dilute solution, as shown in the example problem in the text.

Solid Solute

A solid solute is a substance that dissolves in a solvent to form a solution. The process of dissolving a solid solute in a solvent involves several steps, including heating, stirring, and filtering. The mass of the solid solute can be calculated using the molar mass of the solute and the mass of the solvent used. This information can be used to determine the amount of solute required for the dilution process.

Dilution Preparation

Dilution preparation is the process of preparing a dilute solution from a more concentrated solution, known as the stock solution. Dilution is commonly used to prepare solutions with lower concentrations, which are often required for various applications in chemistry, pharmacology, and other fields. To prepare a diluted solution, you need to know the molarity of the stock solution and the desired molarity of the dilute solution. The volume of the stock solution required can be calculated using the stoichiometric relationship:

[(V_s)(M_s) = moles: of: solute = (V_d)(M_d)]

where (V_s) is the volume of the stock solution, (M_s) is the molarity of the stock solution, (V_d) is the volume of the dilute solution, and (M_d) is the molarity of the dilute solution.

In conclusion, stoichiometry and dilution calculations are essential tools in chemistry, particularly when working with solutions and solids. Understanding the principles of stoichiometric mixture, molarity calculations, solution preparation, and dilution preparation using a solid solute can help you prepare accurate and consistent solutions for various applications.