Questions and Answers
What does the ABCD in Primary Survey stand for?
What does the IAID in Secondary Survey signify?
What should you do with a non-responsive patient?
Conduct the first survey, then the second survey.
What is involved in medication administration?
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What do you do if the AED determines a non-shockable rhythm?
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What is PEA?
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What does the ACLS Survey consist of?
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What are key considerations for the ACLS Airway Survey?
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How many ventilations do you provide when the patient is in cardiac arrest?
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What do you do with a non-responsive patient?
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What should you do for a patient who is stable and has chest pain?
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Study Notes
Primary and Secondary Surveys
- Primary Survey involves ABCD: Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Defibrillation.
- Secondary Survey consists of IAID: Intubate (if respiratory arrest), Access airway, IV/IO access for medications, Differential diagnosis (H's & T's).
Patient Responsiveness Procedures
- For a non-responsive patient, conduct the primary survey followed by the secondary survey.
Medication Administration
- Secure IV access with a large bore (18 g) cannula.
- Preferred site for IV is the antecubital (AC) area.
- Always flush the IV line after medication administration.
AED and Rhythm Analysis
- If the AED indicates a non-shockable rhythm, continue with chest compressions.
Understanding PEA
- PEA (Pulseless Electrical Activity) is a condition where the ECG shows electrical activity, but no palpable pulse can be detected in the patient.
ACLS Survey Overview
- Similar to the primary survey: ABCD with emphasis on maintaining airway, breathing, circulation, and defibrillation.
ACLS Airway Management
- Provide supplemental oxygen when necessary: 100% oxygen for cardiac arrest, titrate to maintain O2 saturation above 94% for others.
- Monitor effectiveness of ventilation by observing chest rise/fall, signs of cyanosis, O2 saturation levels, and waveform capnography.
- Avoid excessive ventilation to prevent complications.
Ventilation Guidelines in Cardiac Arrest
- Administer 2 ventilations for every 30 chest compressions during cardiac arrest.
- If an advanced airway is established, provide 1 ventilation every 6-8 seconds.
- In cases of respiratory arrest, ventilations should occur at a rate of 1 every 5-6 seconds.
Emergency Response for Non-Responsive Patient
- Activate the Emergency Response System and retrieve the AED.
- Check the patient's pulse before commencing CPR.
Management for Stable Chest Pain Patient
- Monitor and support airway, breathing, and circulation (ABC).
- Be prepared to administer CPR and defibrillation as needed.
- Administer Aspirin and monitor oxygen saturation levels.
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