STO Competency 1 - Nautical Navigation Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Who is primarily responsible for the safe navigation of the vessel?

  • The person who has done the planning
  • The owner
  • The navigation officer
  • The Master (correct)

When relieving the helm, what must the new helmsman be aware of?

  • Maximum rudder angle previously used (correct)
  • Gyro error
  • Course per magnetic steering compass
  • Variation

What is the immediate action required when a crew member falls overboard?

  • Wait until the stern is well clear of the man
  • Immediately put the engine astern (correct)
  • Immediately put the rudder over hard right
  • Immediately put the rudder over hard left

What must a report of casualty to a vessel include?

<p>The name of the owner or agent of the vessel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which situation requires a notice of marine casualty to be furnished to the coast guard?

<p>You collide with a buoy and drag it off station (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the visibility of lights indicated in the charts in nautical miles?

<p>Luminous range of the light (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of projection does a Mercator Chart utilize?

<p>Cylindrical projection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chart symbol denotes that the bottom is coral?

<p>Cl (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What publication provides ocean current information for voyage planning from Tokyo to San Francisco?

<p>Sailing Directions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What altitude is referred to after applying the Dip and index error?

<p>Apparent altitude (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of observations does a phase correction apply to?

<p>The Moon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When navigating using DGPS, what is the expected position accuracy within a radius of __________ meters?

<p>10 m (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the angle between the grid and magnetic meridians?

<p>Declination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the phenomenon that occurs when the axis of an object wobbles due to applied torque?

<p>Torque‐induced precession (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What error occurs in a gyrocompass due to rapid changes in course and speed?

<p>Stream error (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the function of the Flinders bar on a magnetic compass?

<p>It compensates for the error caused by the vertical (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a vessel's heading is 330 degrees pgc and 345 degrees psc with a 2 degrees E gyro error, what is the deviation with a variation of 10 degrees W?

<p>3° W (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shortest distance between any two points on Earth known as?

<p>Great circle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chart covers a large area?

<p>Small scale chart (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Isogonic lines on a chart indicate what?

<p>Points of equal variation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the revision of a chart typically printed?

<p>In the border area of the chart (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the position obtained by applying only your vessel's course and speed to a known position?

<p>Dead-reckoning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the position obtained by applying estimated current and wind to your vessel's course and speed?

<p>Estimated position (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A barometric pressure reading of 29.92 inches of mercury is equivalent to __________.

<p>1013.25 millibars (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where can the data relating to the direction and velocity of rotary tidal currents be found?

<p>Tidal Current Tables (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When water salinity increases, what happens to the speed of sound?

<p>It increases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nature of the beam transmitted by an echo sounder?

<p>Directional (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is an echo sounder transducer type?

<p>Magnetostriction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unit measures the speed of sound in water?

<p>1.5 kilometers per second (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the standard atmospheric pressure in millimeters of mercury?

<p>760 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you do FIRST if you notice your vessel's course is slowly changing to the right while the gyro-pilot is engaged?

<p>Switch to hand steering. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many degrees north of the Tropic of Cancer is the Arctic Circle?

<p>44 degrees 06' North (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the automatic device for steering a vessel called?

<p>Gyropilot (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the length of a nautical mile?

<p>1,850 meters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The interval between the sun's upper limb being on the horizon and its center being 12 degrees below is called what?

<p>Nautical twilight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color configuration of an East Cardinal Mark under the IALA Buoyage System?

<p>Black band above yellow band (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT typically belong in the tables that a mariner must refer to during voyage planning?

<p>Sight Reduction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Dead-reckoning position

The position calculated by applying only the vessel's course and speed to a known position.

Estimated position

The position obtained by adding estimated current and wind effects to the dead-reckoning position.

Barometric Pressure Equivalence

A barometric pressure measurement of 29.92 inches of mercury is equivalent to 1013.25 millibars.

Apparent Altitude

Apparent altitude is the sextant altitude corrected for inaccuracies in the reading and the reference level.

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Speed of Sound in Water

The speed of sound in water is approximately 1.5 kilometers per second.

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Echo Sounder Frequency

The low frequency pulse of an echo sounder operates at 24 kHz.

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Event Marker

An event marker on an echo sounder is used to mark a specific time of occurrence on the paper record.

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Salinity and Sound Speed

When water salinity increases, the speed of sound in that water also increases.

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Torque-induced precession

A phenomenon where the axis of an object wobbles when a torque is applied. Imagine a spinning top - it wobbles due to gravity's force (torque).

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Rapid error

An error in a gyrocompass caused by changes in course, speed, and latitude. The gyro takes time to adjust to these changes, leading to an error.

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Isogonic lines

A line on a chart that connects points of equal variation. Variation is the difference between true north and magnetic north.

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Great circle

The shortest distance between two points on Earth. It follows a curved path along the Earth's surface.

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General chart

A chart covering a large area, like an entire ocean. It shows features in less detail than a smaller-scale chart.

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Deviation

A type of error that occurs in a magnetic compass due to the ship's hull and nearby iron. This error is dependent on the ship's heading and is corrected using a compass deviation card.

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Variation

The difference between true north and magnetic north at a specific location.

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Flinders bar

A compass correction that accounts for the ship's magnetic field, especially in the upper hemisphere, using a bar placed on the compass.

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What does the visibility of lights on charts indicate?

The visibility of lights on nautical charts is indicated in nautical miles for the charted range of the light.

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What type of projection is a Mercator chart?

A Mercator chart is a cylindrical projection, meaning the globe's surface is projected onto a cylinder.

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What chart symbol indicates that the bottom is coral?

The symbol "Co" on a nautical chart indicates a coral bottom.

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Which publication contains current information for voyage planning?

Sailing directions, or 'pilots', provide ocean current information for voyage planning. They contain information for routes like Tokyo to San Francisco.

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What do you call the altitude after applying Dip and index error?

The altitude after applying the Dip and index error is called the observed altitude. It's the most accurate altitude measurement taken with a sextant.

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Which celestial body requires a phase correction?

A phase correction is applied to observations of the Moon because its luminosity changes with its phases.

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What is the typical accuracy of GPS?

When using GPS, your position may be accurate 95% of the time within a radius of 100 meters.

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What is the typical accuracy of DGPS?

With Differential GPS (DGPS), your position can be accurate to within 10 meters. DGPS uses ground stations to improve accuracy.

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The Master

The person in charge of overall ship operations, navigation, and safety. They are responsible for making decisions about the ship's voyage, including course, speed, and safety procedures.

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The navigation officer

The person responsible for the safe navigation of a vessel, ensuring a planned course is adhered to. They usually direct the helmsman and provide the needed information to the helmsman.

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The helmsman

The person in charge of steering the vessel by controlling the rudder. They are responsible for maintaining the ship's course as directed by the navigation officer.

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The owner

The person responsible for the overall ownership and operation of the vessel. They are responsible for the financial aspects, maintenance, and safety of the ship.

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What should the new helmsman be informed of?

When the helmsman is relieved, the new helmsman must be informed of the current course, previous rudder use, and any other relevant information that will help them to safely take over steering duties.

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Standard Atmospheric Pressure

The standard atmospheric pressure in millimeters of mercury is 760 mm Hg.

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Diffraction

The bending of a wave as it passes an obstruction.

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Gyropilot

The automatic device that steers a vessel using signals from a gyrocompass.

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Civil Twilight

The interval between the sun's upper limb being on the horizon and its center being 12 degrees below the horizon.

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Physical Checks of Navigation Instruments

Physical checks of gyro, azimuth circle, and pelorus include aligning peloruses with the fore-and-aft line of the ship, synchronizing gyro repeaters with the master gyro, and ensuring the azimuth circle and peloruses are in good condition. Aligning the compass north to the fore-and-aft line of the ship is not a physical check.

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Zone Meridian

The dividing meridian between zone descriptions +4 and +5 is 60°30' W.

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Nautical Mile

A nautical mile is 1,852 meters long.

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Study Notes

STO Competency 1 - Assessment Questionnaire

  • Position Obtained by Course and Speed: Dead-reckoning position.
  • Position with Current and Wind: Estimated position.
  • Barometric Pressure Conversion: 29.92 inches of mercury = 1013.25 millibars.
  • Apparent Altitude Correction: Involves inaccuracies in reading and reference level, double-second difference, chronometer error, and latitude difference.
  • Rotary Tidal Current Data Source: Tidal Current Tables.
  • Speed of Sound in Water: 1.5 kilometers per second.
  • Echo Sounder Frequency: 24 kHz (low frequency).
  • Echo Sounder Marking Device: Event marker.

Nautical Chart and Navigation

  • Large Area Chart: General chart.
  • Isogonic Lines: Lines on a chart indicating points of equal variation.
  • Chart Revision Location: Lower left center.
  • Light Visibility Units: Nautical miles.
  • Mercator Chart Type: Cylindrical projection.
  • Water Salinity and Sound Speed: Increased salinity leads to increased speed of sound.

Position Fixing, Gyrocompass and Errors

  • Vessel Heading with Gyro Error and Variation: Deviation of heading is calculated using the given values.
  • Gyrocompass Error: Stream error, variation error, deviation error, related to quick course, speed and latitude changes.
  • Magnetic Compass Bar: Used to compensate vertical magnetic errors.
  • Grid Variation: Angle between grid and magnetic meridians.

Other Navigation Topics

  • Ocean Current Information Publication Sailing Directions.
  • Phase Correction Applied To: Stars.
  • GPS Accuracy: 95% accuracy within 100 meters.
  • DGPS Accuracy: Typically within 10 meters.
  • Instrument for Direction Measurement: Compass and Pelorus.
  • Compass Rose Details: Includes variation and deviation.
  • Standard Atmospheric Pressure: 760 mm Hg.
  • Navigational Errors: Dip and index error applied to apparent altitude.
  • Vessel Steering Change: Notify the Master.

Notice of Marine Casualty

  • Situation Requiring Coast Guard Notice: Vessel damage, groundings in low tide, and collision incidents.

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University of Cebu-METC STO Competency 1 Assessment PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on nautical navigation and assessment techniques with this comprehensive quiz. Covering topics from dead-reckoning positions to sound speed in water, this quiz is essential for those in maritime studies. Assess your understanding of important nautical concepts and measurements.

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