Podcast
Questions and Answers
Patrick's toilet training involved prompting and reinforcement, eventually fading prompts as independence increased. Which of the following BEST describes this process?
Patrick's toilet training involved prompting and reinforcement, eventually fading prompts as independence increased. Which of the following BEST describes this process?
- Establishing operation
- Shifting from respondent to operant behavior
- Transfer of stimulus control (correct)
- Negative reinforcement
Fiona cannot open her lunchbox independently. Her teacher closes the latch on her lunchbox and places it in front of her. What has the teacher manipulated?
Fiona cannot open her lunchbox independently. Her teacher closes the latch on her lunchbox and places it in front of her. What has the teacher manipulated?
- Contingency
- Establishing operation
- Consequence
- Prompt (correct)
What term describes the dependency between a response and the stimuli that precede and follow it?
What term describes the dependency between a response and the stimuli that precede and follow it?
- Functional response class
- Behavior chain
- Contingency (correct)
- Behavioral correlation
Under what condition is a functional relationship said to exist between two events?
Under what condition is a functional relationship said to exist between two events?
Larry engages in self-injurious behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement, resulting in abrasions. As an initial effort to reduce the behavior, the behavior analyst has Larry wear only long-sleeved shirts. This is an example of what type of procedure?
Larry engages in self-injurious behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement, resulting in abrasions. As an initial effort to reduce the behavior, the behavior analyst has Larry wear only long-sleeved shirts. This is an example of what type of procedure?
When a person engages in target behaviors in environments different from the original training environment, this is a demonstration of what?
When a person engages in target behaviors in environments different from the original training environment, this is a demonstration of what?
Terry's increased heart rate and sweating in the dentist's office, along with his reluctance to make appointments, are examples of what?
Terry's increased heart rate and sweating in the dentist's office, along with his reluctance to make appointments, are examples of what?
The key difference between operant and respondent conditioning is that in operant conditioning, the probability of behavior changes because of what?
The key difference between operant and respondent conditioning is that in operant conditioning, the probability of behavior changes because of what?
Echoic behavior is controlled by what type of stimulus, what is the nature of the response, and what is the nature of the reinforcer?
Echoic behavior is controlled by what type of stimulus, what is the nature of the response, and what is the nature of the reinforcer?
Mr. Myers asks Susan what her favorite food is. Susan answers, 'Spaghetti.' This is an example of what verbal operant?
Mr. Myers asks Susan what her favorite food is. Susan answers, 'Spaghetti.' This is an example of what verbal operant?
Flashcards
Fading Prompts
Fading Prompts
The process of gradually reducing assistance (prompts) to allow independent performance of a behavior.
Antecedent manipulation
Antecedent manipulation
The manipulation of environmental events by the teacher by closing the latch on Fiona's lunchbox and placing it in front of Fiona.
Contingency
Contingency
The relationship or dependency between a behavior and the events that precede and follow that behavior.
Functional Relationship
Functional Relationship
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Altering Environment
Altering Environment
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Stimulus Generalization
Stimulus Generalization
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Respondent Behavior
Respondent Behavior
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Operant Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
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Echoic
Echoic
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Tact
Tact
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Study Notes
- The exam contains 272 questions.
Toilet Training Program Example
- Patrick is in a toilet training program with Moira as his trainer.
- Initial sessions involved Moira prompting Patrick to use the toilet, followed by edibles and praise for correct voiding.
- Moira gradually faded prompts as Patrick started using the toilet independently.
- This process is best described as a transfer of stimulus control.
Lunchbox Example
- Fiona cannot independently open her lunchbox.
- The teacher closes the latch and places the lunchbox in front of Fiona.
- The teacher has manipulated the prompt.
Dependency Between Response and Stimuli
- The dependency between a response and the stimuli that precede and follow it is referred to as a contingency.
Functional Relationship
- A functional relationship exists when two events consistently co-vary.
Self-Injurious Behavior Example
- Larry engages in self-injurious behavior (scratching) maintained by automatic reinforcement, leading to abrasions.
- The behavior analyst has Larry wear long-sleeved shirts to reduce the behavior.
- This is an example of extinction.
Generalization
- A person engages in target behaviors in environments different from the original training environment.
- This is a demonstration of stimulus generalization.
Dentist Office Example
- Terry's heart rate increases and he sweats upon entering the dentist's office due to its association with unpleasant dental work.
- He is reluctant to make appointments.
- His physical symptoms are an example of respondent behavior.
Operant Conditioning
- The defining feature of operant conditioning, in contrast to respondent conditioning, is that the probability of behavior changes because of changes in consequences.
Echoic Behavior
- Echoic behavior is controlled by a verbal stimulus.
- The response matches that stimulus.
- The reinforcer is non-specific.
Communication Training Session Example
- A behavior analyst says to a child, "Say your name."
- The child says, "Sarah," and the analyst delivers a reinforcer.
- The behavior analyst's statement was a prompt.
Tact Behavior
- Tact behavior is controlled by a non-verbal stimulus.
- The reinforcer for tact behavior is non-specific.
Favorite Food Example
- Mr. Myers asks Susan what her favorite food is.
- Susan answers, "Spaghetti."
- This is an example of an intraverbal.
Contingency-Shaped Behavior
- Contingency-shaped behavior is established as the result of a person's experience.
Stir-Fry Vegetables Example
- Katie touched a hot pan while learning to stir-fry vegetables and now refuses to make them.
- Her refusal is a result of unconditioned punishment.
Descriptive Assessment
- A descriptive assessment generally includes development of hypotheses, gathering of historical and current data, and graphic representation of data.
- It does NOT include manipulation of variables.
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