Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary precursor molecule for steroid hormones?
What is the primary precursor molecule for steroid hormones?
- Cholesterol (correct)
- Amino acid, tyrosine
- Proteins
- Peptides
Which of the following is a characteristic of non-steroid hormones?
Which of the following is a characteristic of non-steroid hormones?
- They are hydrophobic and require transport proteins in the bloodstream.
- They bind to receptors inside the nucleus of the target cell.
- They are hydrophilic and bind to cell surface receptor proteins. (correct)
- They easily diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer of target cells.
Which class of hormones is derived from the amino acid tyrosine?
Which class of hormones is derived from the amino acid tyrosine?
- Peptide hormones
- Protein hormones
- Steroid hormones
- Amino-acid hormones (correct)
How do steroid hormones typically affect gene expression in target cells?
How do steroid hormones typically affect gene expression in target cells?
Why do non-steroid hormones not enter the target cell?
Why do non-steroid hormones not enter the target cell?
A patient has a hormonal imbalance due to a receptor defect that prevents a specific hormone from binding. If administering a modified version of the hormone directly into the cell does not restore normal function, which type of hormone is most likely involved?
A patient has a hormonal imbalance due to a receptor defect that prevents a specific hormone from binding. If administering a modified version of the hormone directly into the cell does not restore normal function, which type of hormone is most likely involved?
Which of the following characteristics differentiates steroid hormones from non-steroid hormones in terms of their mechanism of action?
Which of the following characteristics differentiates steroid hormones from non-steroid hormones in terms of their mechanism of action?
A researcher is studying a new hormone and observes that it is transported in the bloodstream by a transport protein. Furthermore, the hormone receptor complex seems to directly interact with the DNA. What class of hormone is the researcher most likely investigating?
A researcher is studying a new hormone and observes that it is transported in the bloodstream by a transport protein. Furthermore, the hormone receptor complex seems to directly interact with the DNA. What class of hormone is the researcher most likely investigating?
A pharmaceutical company is designing a drug that mimics the effects of a particular hormone. To ensure the drug has a prolonged effect, they should focus on developing a molecule with characteristics similar to which type of hormone?
A pharmaceutical company is designing a drug that mimics the effects of a particular hormone. To ensure the drug has a prolonged effect, they should focus on developing a molecule with characteristics similar to which type of hormone?
A scientist discovers a novel hormone that, upon binding to its receptor on the cell surface, initiates a signaling cascade that rapidly amplifies the original signal, leading to a large and immediate cellular response, but the effect diminishes quickly. Based on its mechanism of action and effects, this hormone is most likely what?
A scientist discovers a novel hormone that, upon binding to its receptor on the cell surface, initiates a signaling cascade that rapidly amplifies the original signal, leading to a large and immediate cellular response, but the effect diminishes quickly. Based on its mechanism of action and effects, this hormone is most likely what?
Flashcards
Endocrine Glands
Endocrine Glands
Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
Steroid Hormones
Steroid Hormones
Hormones made from cholesterol, produced by adrenal glands and gonads.
Steroid Hormone Action
Steroid Hormone Action
Hydrophobic hormones that travel in the bloodstream bound to transport proteins and can diffuse across cell membranes to affect gene expression.
Non-Steroid Hormones
Non-Steroid Hormones
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Amino-Acid Hormones
Amino-Acid Hormones
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Study Notes
- The endocrine system consists of endocrine glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream.
Steroids
- Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol and produced by the adrenal glands and gonads.
- They are hydrophobic (non-polar), requiring transport proteins to travel through the bloodstream to target cells.
- Steroid hormones diffuse across the phospholipid membrane of target cells and bind to receptors inside the cell.
- The receptor activation leads to the activation of specific genes in the nucleus.
Non-steroids
- Non-steroid hormones are peptides or proteins and are hydrophilic, thus not requiring transport proteins.
- They cannot pass through the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane, so they bind to cell surface receptor proteins.
- Binding to a non-steroid hormone changes the receptor's shape, which activates proteins and enzymes, leading to changes in gene expression within the cell.
- The hormone itself does not enter the cell to cause changes.
Amino-acid hormones
- Amino-acid hormones come from tyrosine.
- Examples include thyroid hormones, epinephrine, and norepinephrine.
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