Questions and Answers
What are the two views for the sternum?
Patient preparation includes: Remove artifacts from the area of interest (____), Shield for reproductive age or if pregnant, and explain examination, breathing instructions are important.
necklaces, piercing, life alerts, snaps, zippers
Patients with rib injury for a sternum X-ray should be examined in the position in which they arrive in the department.
True
How should ambulatory patients be imaged for sternum?
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How should non-ambulatory/trauma patients be imaged for sternum?
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What position is Sternum PA Oblique (RAO)?
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What degree should the patient be rotated for a sternum PA oblique (RAO)?
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What is the FOV for a sternum PA Oblique (RAO)?
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What is the SID for a sternum PA Oblique (RAO)?
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How is the CR positioned for a sternum PA Oblique (RAO)?
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These are the evaluation criteria for a Sternum PA Oblique (RAO): Proper collimation and presence of marker, Entire sternum from jugular notch to tip of ______, Sternum projected over heart but free of superimposition of the thoracic spine.
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How should the patient be positioned for a lateral sternum?
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How should the patient's arms be for a sternum lateral?
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What is the field of view for a sternum lateral?
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What is the SID for a sternum lateral?
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How is the CR positioned for a sternum lateral?
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What is the respiration for a sternum lateral?
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List the evaluation criteria for a Sternum: lateral: Proper collimation and marker, Entire sternum with ______ free of superimposition of the soft tissue of the shoulders.
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Study Notes
Sternum Imaging Overview
- Two views for sternum imaging: PA oblique (RAO) and Lateral.
Patient Preparation
- Remove artifacts from the area of interest, such as jewelry and zippers.
- Shielding is necessary for patients of reproductive age or if pregnant.
- Explain the examination process and emphasize breathing instructions.
Patients with Rib Injuries
- Examine injured patients in the position they arrive at the department to ensure comfort.
Imaging Positions
- Ambulatory patients should be imaged in either upright or recumbent position, using a tilt to transition from upright to supine if needed.
- Non-ambulatory or trauma patients should be comfortably positioned, usually in supine position.
PA Oblique (RAO) Positioning
- Patient should be rotated 15-20 degrees to place the sternum within the heart shadow.
- Field of view (FOV) for PA oblique is 10x12 inches lengthwise.
- Recommended source-to-image distance (SID) is 30 inches, but 40 inches may sometimes be used to blur posterior ribs.
- Central ray (CR) is perpendicular to the image receptor (IR) and enters the elevated side of the posterior thorax at T7, 1 inch lateral to the mid-sagittal plane (MSP).
Evaluation Criteria for PA Oblique (RAO)
- Proper collimation and visible marker.
- Entire sternum should be visible from jugular notch to xiphoid process.
- Sternum must be projected over the heart without superimposition of the thoracic spine.
- Breathing technique should show blurred pulmonary markings.
- Minimal rotation of both sternum and thorax, as indicated by the absence of superimposition of the vertebral column on the sternum.
Lateral Sternum Positioning
- Patient should be in an upright position, seated or standing; recumbent position for trauma cases, usually on the left side.
- Arms should be rotated posteriorly and locked behind the back to prevent obstruction of the view.
Lateral Imaging Specifications
- FOV for lateral projection is 10x12 inches lengthwise.
- SID for lateral sternum is 72 inches to compensate for increased object-to-image distance (OID).
- CR is perpendicular to the center of the IR, entering the lateral border of the midsternum, with 1 inch of light above the jugular notch.
- Deep inspiration is recommended to enhance the contrast between the sternum and surrounding structures.
Evaluation Criteria for Lateral Sternum
- Proper collimation and marker presence.
- Entire sternum visible with the manubrium free of shoulder soft tissue superimposition.
- Sternum should not be obscured by rib superimposition.
- The lower portion of the sternum should be unobstructed by the breasts in female patients.
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Description
This quiz covers essential aspects of sternum positioning and patient preparation for imaging. Learn about the two views needed for sternum X-rays and important instructions to follow before the examination. It's designed for medical students and professionals in radiology.