10 Questions
What is the main function of the sternum?
Protection of vital organs
Which part of the sternum is located at the caudal end?
Xiphoid process
What is the common name for the congenital condition known as pectus excavatum?
Kyphosis
Which theory is NOT proposed to explain the development of pectus excavatum?
Muscular abnormalities
What is the surgical treatment for pectus excavatum that involves removal of costal cartilages?
Sub-perichondrial resection
What can result from sternal dehiscence, a rare complication of median sternotomy?
Increased risk of complications
Which structure is closely related to the sternum and is involved in respiration?
Rib cage
In reducing the risk of complications, what is crucial with regards to sternal dehiscence?
Preventing it
What is the cranial component of the sternum called?
Manubrium
What is involved in pectus excavatum surgical treatment depending on the severity of the condition?
Choice of procedure
Study Notes
The sternum is a flat, elongated bone located in the middle anterior part of the chest. It consists of a cranial manubrium, an intermediate body, and a caudal xiphoid process. The sternum is involved in several processes, including respiration and protection of vital organs.
Development and Etiology of Pectus Excavatum
Pectus excavatum, commonly known as "funnel chest," is a congenital condition characterized by a sunken sternum. The condition becomes evident during puberty, despite ongoing debate about its etiology. Several theories have been proposed to explain its development, including diaphragmatic abnormalities, skeletal abnormalities, and injuries in cartilaginous growth plates.
Surgical Interventions for Pectus Excavatum
Conventional surgical treatment for pectus excavatum involves sub-perichondrial resection of costal cartilages with or without sternum osteotomy. The choice of procedure depends on the severity of the condition and individual patient factors.
Rib Cage and Sternal Dehiscence
The rib cage is closely related to the sternum and is involved in respiration. Sternal dehiscence, or separation, is a rare complication of median sternotomy, but it can result in serious consequences, including mortality rates between 10 and 40%. Preventing sternal dehiscence is crucial in reducing the risk of complications.
Alignment of the Sternum and Sacrum
The alignment of the sternum and sacrum can be used as a marker for sitting body posture in children, indicating good posture and overall health.
Conclusion
The sternum plays a crucial role in the structure and function of the chest wall and respiratory system. Understanding its development, surgical interventions, and complications is essential for medical professionals and patients alike.
Test your knowledge on the sternum, including its anatomy, development of pectus excavatum, surgical interventions, and complications like sternal dehiscence. Learn about the importance of sternum alignment and its impact on posture and overall health.
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