Sterilisation Methods Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the aim of sterilization?

  • To remove or destroy all microorganisms either in vegetative or spore form (correct)
  • To destroy all pathogens or organisms capable of producing infections
  • To reduce the number of microorganisms to a level that is no longer harmful to health
  • To prevent infection by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms

    • What is the technique by which the occurrence of infection into an uninfected tissue is prevented?

  • Antiseptics
  • Disinfection
  • Sterilization
  • Asepsis (correct)

    • Which category of patient-care items includes methods like drying, heat, filtration, and radiation?

  • Physical methods (correct)
  • Halogens
  • Chemical methods
  • Alcohols

    • What are chemical disinfectants which can safely applied to living tissues and are used to prevent infection by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms called?

    <p>Antiseptics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method involves the destruction of all pathogens or organisms capable of producing infections but not necessarily spores?

    <p>Disinfection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which an article, surface or medium is made free of all microorganisms either in vegetative or spore form?

    <p>Sterilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of radiation is used for disinfecting enclosed areas such as bacteriological laboratory, inoculation hoods, and operation theatres?

    <p>UV radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of radiation is highly lethal to all cells, including bacteria, and is used for sterilization of disposable items such as plastic syringes, swabs, and culture plates?

    <p>Υ (gamma) rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical agent is used as a skin antiseptic and acts by denaturing bacterial proteins, but has no sporicidal or virucidal activity?

    <p>Alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical agent is active against the aminogroup in the protein molecules and is employed in the liquid and vapor states to sterilize bacterial vaccines?

    <p>Formaldehyde</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of disinfectants include high level disinfectants such as Glutaraldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, and chlorine compounds?

    <p>High level disinfectants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mode of action of chemical agents involves the removal of free sulphydryl groups?

    <p>Removal of free sulphydryl groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is most widely used for sterilization by dry heat?

    <p>Hot air oven</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for dry heat sterilization?

    <p>Both a and b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which temperature and time combination is recommended for the general purpose sterilization in a hot air oven?

    <p>160°C for 2 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which materials are sterilized by hot air ovens due to their imperviousness to steam?

    <p>Oils and jellies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of pasteurization in the dairy industry?

    <p>Inactivate nonsporing pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature and for how long is inspissation typically carried out?

    <p>80-85°C for 30 minutes on three successive days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a less toxic alternative to formaldehyde, used as a 2% buffered solution, and available commercially as 'cidex'?

    <p>Glutaraldehyde</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disinfectant is used for fumigation of heat-sensitive equipment and is highly lethal to all kinds of microbes, including spores?

    <p>Ethylene oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disinfectant is effective against viruses and spores, and used in water supplies, swimming pools, and food and dairy industries?

    <p>Chlorine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used to decontaminate biological safety cabinets among recent vapor phase disinfectants?

    <p>Hydrogen peroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disinfectant can be used to sterilize prions?

    <p>Peracetic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disinfectant has bactericidal, fungicidal, virucidal, and sporicidal action?

    <p>Phenol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of sterilization is suitable for heat-labile culture media?

    <p>Filtration using syringe filters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of adding 2% sodium bicarbonate during the steam sterilization process?

    <p>Enhancing the sterilization of heat-labile solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sterilization is commonly used in microbiology laboratories to sterilize large volumes of air?

    <p>Radiation sterilization using gamma radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of saturated steam as a sterilizing agent in an autoclave?

    <p>Greater lethal action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of filter is suitable for sterilizing heat-sensitive solutions such as sera and sugar solutions?

    <p>Membrane filters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using nonionizing radiation sterilization?

    <p>Sterilizing heat-labile culture media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of saturated steam as a sterilizing agent in an autoclave?

    <p>Enhanced penetration of porous materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of filter is suitable for sterilizing heat-sensitive solutions such as sera and sugar solutions?

    <p>Syringe filters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of adding 2% sodium bicarbonate during the steam sterilization process?

    <p>Increase lethal action against spores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of sterilization is suitable for heat-labile culture media?

    <p>Filtration sterilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the types of radiation used for sterilization?

    <p>UV light and X-rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process used to sterilize large volumes of air in microbiology laboratories?

    <p>Filtration sterilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of sterilization is suitable for heat-labile culture media?

    <p>Moist heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for dry heat sterilization?

    <p>Denaturation of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used to decontaminate biological safety cabinets among recent vapor phase disinfectants?

    <p>Oxidizing agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical agent is used as a skin antiseptic and acts by denaturing bacterial proteins, but has no sporicidal or virucidal activity?

    <p>Alcohols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using nonionizing radiation sterilization?

    <p>To inhibit the growth of microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of patient-care items includes methods like drying, heat, filtration, and radiation?

    <p>Physical methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical disinfectant has bactericidal, fungicidal, virucidal, and sporicidal action?

    <p>Iodine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical agent is used as a skin antiseptic and acts by denaturing bacterial proteins, but has no sporicidal or virucidal activity?

    <p>Phenol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What chemical agent reacts with amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl, and sulfhydryl groups in protein molecules and is highly inflammable and explosive?

    <p>Ethylene oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of sterilization is suitable for heat-labile culture media?

    <p>Ethylene oxide sterilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disinfectant is used for fumigation of heat-sensitive equipment and is highly lethal to all kinds of microbes, including spores?

    <p>Formaldehyde gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which an article, surface or medium is made free of all microorganisms either in vegetative or spore form?

    <p>Sterilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most reliable method of sterilization?

    <p>Heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is most widely used for sterilization by dry heat?

    <p>Hot air oven</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for dry heat sterilization?

    <p>Protein denaturation and oxidative damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What temperature and time combination is recommended for the general purpose sterilization in a hot air oven?

    <p>170°C for 1 hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which temperature range is used for pasteurization?

    <p>Below 100°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of sterilization by vaccine bath?

    <p>Inactivating nonsporing bacteria in vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of radiation possesses high penetrative power and is highly lethal to all cells, including bacteria?

    <p>Gamma rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of disinfectants includes chlorine compounds, hydrogen peroxide, and peracetic acid?

    <p>High level disinfectants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical agent is active against the aminogroup in the protein molecules and is lethal to bacteria, their spores, viruses, and fungi?

    <p>Formaldehyde</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for alcohol as a disinfectant?

    <p>Protein coagulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of sterilization is known as 'cold sterilization' due to no appreciable increase in temperature?

    <p>Gamma rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Steam sterilization: Boiling at 1000°C for 10-30 minutes kills vegetative bacteria and some bacterial spores, but not all.

    • Sporing bacteria require prolonged periods of boiling for sterilization, making it unsuitable for surgical instruments.

    • Addition of 2% sodium bicarbonate may enhance sterilization during steam process.

    • Uses: Sterilization of medical and surgical equipment, disinfection, and sterilization of heat-labile culture media.

    • Autoclave: A vertical or horizontal cylinder used for steam sterilization, consisting of a lid, pressure gauge, safety valve, and discharge tap.

    • Autoclave principle: Water boils when vapor pressure equals atmosphere pressure, and saturated steam is a better sterilizing agent due to greater lethal action, quicker heating, and ability to penetrate porous materials.

    • Autoclave components: Consists of a steel cylinder with an air-tight lid, requiring complete removal of air and proper arrangement of materials for efficient steam circulation.

    • Uses: Sterilization of culture media, rubber materials, gowns, dressings, gloves, instruments, and pharmaceutical products.

    • Filtration: Used to sterilize heat-labile solutions, such as sera, sugar solutions, and antibiotics, by using filters of various materials and pore sizes.

    • Filters: Types include earthenware (candle) filters, asbestos filters, sintered glass filters, and membrane filters, each with its unique properties and applications.

    • Sterilization controls: Temperature and pressure measurement through thermocouples, bacterial spore detection, and filtration methods.

    • Filtration sterilization: Used for sterilizing heat-sensitive solutions, with different types of filters like membrane filters, syringe filters, and air filters.

    • Air filtration: Uses high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters to sterilize large volumes of air, commonly in microbiology laboratories.

    • Radiation sterilization: Two types - nonionizing (UV light, LED, or gas plasma) and ionizing (gamma radiation or X-rays), each with its advantages and applications.

    • Sodium tetraborate (5%) is used for sterilizing clean metal instruments.

    • Formaldehyde gas is used for sterilizing instruments, heat sensitive catheters, and for fumigating wards, sick rooms, and laboratories.

    • Glutaraldehyde is a less toxic alternative to formaldehyde, used as a 2% buffered solution, and is available commercially as 'cidex'.

    • Uses include sterilization of cystoscopes, endoscopes, and bronchoscopes.

    • Phenol is obtained by distillation of coal tar and has a lethal effect due to cell membrane damage.

    • Phenol (1%) has bactericidal action and is commonly used as an antiseptic, with derivatives like cresols and chlorhexidine also being used.

    • Chlorine is bactericidal and effective against viruses and spores, used in water supplies, swimming pools, and food and dairy industries.

    • Iodine is used as a skin disinfectant and has bactericidal, fungicidal, virucidal, and sporicidal action.

    • Silver, copper, and mercury salts are used as disinfectants, with protein coagulants having the capacity to combine with free sulfhydryl groups.

    • Surface active agents can alter energy relationships at interfaces and produce a reduction of surface tension.

    • Formaldehyde gas is used for fumigation of heat-sensitive equipment and is highly lethal to all kinds of microbes, including spores.

    • Ethylene oxide is a highly lethal sterilant, reacting with amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl, and sulfhydryl groups in protein molecules, and is highly inflammable and explosive.

    • Betapropiolactone is a condensation product of ketane and formaldehyde, with a low penetrating power but rapid action, and is used for sterilizing biological products.

    • Hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid are recent vapor phase disinfectants, with hydrogen peroxide used to decontaminate biological safety cabinets.

    • Disinfectants are tested using methods such as minimum inhibitory concentration, Rideal Walker test, Chick Martin test, capacity test, and in-use test.

    • Prions can be sterilized using dry heat, moist heat, 25% sodium hypochlorite, phenol (90%), and iodine disinfectants.

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    sterilization and disinfection.pptx

    Description

    Test your knowledge on sterilisation methods including steam sterilisation and boiling. Learn about the effectiveness of boiling at 100°C and the addition of 2% sodium bicarbonate for sterilisation. Find out the uses and limitations of these methods for disinfection of medical and surgical equipment.

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