Stem vs. Root: What's the Difference?

Germinating Seed Development

• The plumule of the embryo develops into the shoot system of a germinating seed, which includes stems and leaves.
• This process marks the initial growth stages of the plant, allowing it to reach for sunlight and begin photosynthesis.

Function of the Stem

• The main function of the stem is to support the plant, ensuring stability and structure.
• It facilitates the transportation of water, nutrients, and food between the roots and leaves through vascular tissues like xylem and phloem.

Segments of the Stem

• The portions between two nodes on a stem are called internodes.
• Internodes are critical for stem elongation and help in spacing out the leaves for optimal light exposure.

Stem Maturation

• As the stem matures, it generally changes color, often becoming brown or woody.
• This color change is associated with the development of lignin, a substance that strengthens and supports the plant structure.

Test your knowledge on the features that differentiate a stem from a root with this quiz. Learn about the characteristics and functions of stems and roots in plants.