Questions and Answers
What is fluorescence, in the context of light emission?
The emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation
Why are the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds useful for estimating the mass of PNe?
Because the distances to the LMC and SMC are known to greater accuracy than the distances to the Galactic PNe
What is the range of masses observed for PNe?
0.01M⊙ - 0.27M⊙
What is the primary composition of PNe, by mass?
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Why are PNe often oxygen poor?
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What is the relationship between the nebular radius and mass?
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What elements are characterized by strong and broad absorption lines in PG 1159 stars?
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What is thought to be the origin of the weak emission lines in Weak Emission Line Stars?
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What is the typical duration of the PG 1159 phase in the evolution of CSs?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of PG 1159 stars?
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What is the name of the prototype star that PG 1159 stars are named after?
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What is the typical peak mass of planetary nebula central stars?
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Why is it challenging to determine the lower end of the mass range of planetary nebula central stars?
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What is the approximate radius of a 0.6M⊙ central star?
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What elements are the cores of planetary nebula progenitor stars primarily composed of?
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How can planetary nebula central stars be divided?
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What is the typical size of a planetary nebula central star?
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What is the second hypothesis about strong stellar winds?
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What is one piece of evidence for the hypothesis that pulsating stars produce dust?
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What role do pulsating stars play in the evolution of low and intermediate mass stars?
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What characteristics vary significantly among planetary nebulae?
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What detection method did early astronomers like Charles Messier and William Herschel use to identify planetary nebulae?
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Which discovery method played a crucial role in early detections of planetary nebulae?
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What is one way astronomers estimate the mass of a compact star (CS) in a planetary nebula (PN)?
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Why is determining the luminosity of a CS in a PN difficult?
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What is the Zanstra method used for in relation to CS temperature?
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What range of masses do planetary nebulae (PNe) generally have?
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What is significant about the lower mass range of PNe?
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What is one disadvantage of using a distance-independent method to estimate CS masses?
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