Stellar Concepts and Measurement Techniques

10 billion years

10 million years

100 billion years

<p>Supergiants</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A star with substantially larger radius and luminosity than a main-sequence star of the same surface temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A small, very dense star that is typically the size of a planet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An astronomical object that is intermediate between a planet and a star.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stars that vary significantly in brightness with time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A type of pulsating variable star that pulsates in a predictable way.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Open cluster</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By roughly estimating the life expectancy of the most massive stars still on the main sequence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amount of power a star radiates</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amount of starlight that reaches the Earth per unit area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The apparent shift in position of a nearby object against a background of more distant objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The measure of how far a star appears to be jumping due to parallax.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A measure of interstellar distance equivalent to the distance at which one arcsecond of parallax is observed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A measure of how bright or visible a star is in the sky.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It depends on the temperature of the object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They indicate the state of matter from solid to completely ionized gas as temperature rises.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>O = Hottest (50,000 K) B = Very hot A = Hot F = Medium hot G = Cool K = Cooler M = Coolest (3,000 K)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mass of a star quantified through gravity and observations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A binary system where the orbital motions of the stars can be directly observed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A binary system where periodic eclipses can be measured as stars pass in front of each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A binary system identified through periodic Doppler shifts in their spectral lines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A graph plotting stellar luminosity against surface temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A star with a substantially larger radius and luminosity than a main-sequence star.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An exceptionally luminous star larger than 100 times the Sun.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A small, very dense star typically the size of a planet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stars that significantly change in brightness over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stars that exhibit a light curve where brightness alternately rises and falls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Luminous pulsating variable stars located in an instability strip on the H-R diagram.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A group of a few thousand loosely packed stars.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A dense group of up to a million or more stars bound together by gravity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The point on an H-R diagram where a star leaves the main sequence after exhausting its fuel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By measuring a star's apparent brightness and distance using the inverse square law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Luminosity is the total light output, brightness is what we observe at a distance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The apparent position shift of a nearby star, generally too small to detect without instruments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through a star's color and spectral type.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Depends on temperature; hotter objects emit more light at all wavelengths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hotter stars have higher ionization and distinct spectral lines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using Newton's version of Kepler's third law based on orbital period and separation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Visual binaries, eclipsing binaries, and spectroscopic binaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It shows the relationship between luminosity and surface temperature of stars.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They fuse hydrogen into helium in their cores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red giants, supergiants, and white dwarfs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spectral type and luminosity class.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More massive stars burn out faster.</p> Signup and view all the answers