Steel Timber Design CIEN 20043 Overview

Pascal = A unit of pressure or stress Stress = Internal forces that neighbouring particles exert on each other Equilibrium = When all forces or moments acting upon it are balanced Load = A force, deformation, or acceleration applied to structural elements

Magnitude of Forces = Represents the strength of the force Direction of Forces = Refers to the path along which a force is applied Moment of Forces = Tendency to cause rotation about a specific point Gravitational Force = Pull of a particle towards the center of the earth

Applied load = Causes stress and deformation in a structure Self-weight = Inherent part of the structure itself Structural analysis = Analyzes the effects of loads on structures Excess load = May cause structural failure if not controlled

<p>Stress = Measures forces per unit area Equilibrium = Net result of forces is zero Moment of Forces = Product of force and distance from point Gravitational Force = Proportional to mass of the object</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pascal = One newton of force per square meter Direction of Forces = Specific line along which force acts Magnitude of Forces = Strength quantified as a number Load = External force applied to structural elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Minimum cost = Lowest possible financial expenditure Minimum weight = Lightest structural configuration Maximum life efficiency = Optimal use of resources over time Minimum construction time = Quickest completion of the project</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adequate lighting = Ensures visibility in workspaces Proper ventilation = Maintains air quality and comfort Aesthetics = Enhances visual appeal of the structure Transportation facilities = Facilitates movement of people and materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Planning = Establishing functions of the structure Set criteria = Defining standards for optimum evaluation Preliminary structural configuration = Arranging elements to meet established functions Analysis = Modeling loads to find internal forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Functional design = Ensuring intended results are achieved Structural framework design = Selecting arrangement and sizes of elements Iterative design = Continuous refinement of design elements Optimization = Achieving maximum or minimum functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Minimum labor cost = Reduces overall project expenses Minimum weight = Enhances structural performance Minimum construction time = Accelerates project delivery Maximum life efficiency = Promotes sustainable usage of the structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Functional design = Focus on usability and comfort Structural framework design = Ensure safety under loads Preliminary member selection = Choosing member sizes based on criteria Establishment of loads = Identifying forces the structure must withstand</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modeling loads = Understanding the forces acting on the structure Internal forces = Determining stress distribution within elements Desired deflections = Assessing allowable movement of the structure Service loads = Calculating operational demands on the structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Qualitative evaluation = Focus on descriptive analysis Quantitative criteria = Involves measurable standards like weight and cost Iterative approach = Continuous adjustment based on assessment results Optimization techniques = Methods used to achieve favorable outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Grade 230 = 230 MPa Grade 420 = 420 MPa Grade 520 = 520 MPa Grade 550 = 550 MPa</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A6/A6M-14 = General requirements for rolled structural steel A36/A36M-14 = Specification for carbon structural steel A53/A53M-12 = Specification for pipe, steel, black and hot-dipped A193/A193M-15 = Specification for alloy steel and stainless steel bolting materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>White = Grade 230 Yellow = Grade 280 Orange = Grade 420 Blue = Grade 550</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yield Strength = Strength before plastic deformation Tensile Strength = Maximum stress before failure Ts/Ys Ratio = Measure of ductility Diameter = Cross-sectional measurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hot Rolled Steel = Processed at high temperatures Cold Rolled Steel = Processed at or near room temperature Weldable RSB = Used for structural connections Regular RSB = Standard rebar configurations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specification for Structural Steel Building = Guidance for building requirements Steel Construction Manual = Reference for design and construction ACI connections = Joining steel to concrete Olympic standards = Quality benchmarks for steel products</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High tensile strength = Allows for slender structures Corrosion susceptibility = Requires protective coatings Versatile in applications = Used in various building types Weight concerns = Heavier than other materials like wood</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Grade 40 = 280 MPa Yield Strength Grade 60 = 420 MPa Yield Strength Grade 75 = 520 MPa Yield Strength Grade 80 = 550 MPa Yield Strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Better, finished surfaces = Cold Rolled Steel Scaled surface from high temperatures = Hot Rolled Steel True and square bars = Cold Rolled Steel Slightly rounded edges = Hot Rolled Steel</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Railroad tracks = Hot Rolled Steel Construction projects = Hot Rolled Steel Products needing precise dimensions = Cold Rolled Steel Structural shapes = Cold Rolled Steel</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High strength to weight ratio = Important for long-span structures Yield strength (Fy) = 415mPa Elastic limit = Point of permanent deformation Ductile = Ability to deform without breaking</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Uniformity = Properties remain consistent over time Elasticity = Follows Hooke's law up to high stresses Ductility = Withstands extensive deformation without failure Toughness = Combines strength and ductility</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Corrosion = Requires periodic painting to prevent degradation Fireproofing Costs = Strength is reduced at fire-related temperatures Weathering Steel = May not be feasible in all situations Brittleness = Failure upon sudden shock exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ultimate Strength (Fu) = Maximum stress endured before failure Inelastic = Permanent deformation after yield point Fatigue = Failure under repeated stress Corrosion = Material deterioration due to chemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High strength = Reduces weight in structures Elastic limit = Supports significant load without yielding Ductile = Allows for flexibility in design Corrosion resistance = Enhances longevity of structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elasticity = Accurate calculation of moments of inertia Ductility = Large deformations before fracture Toughness = Can withstand large forces with deformation Permanence = Indefinite longevity with proper maintenance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ductility = Risk of brittleness in absence of deformation Toughness = Potential for large forces causing damage Uniformity = Variation in reinforced-concrete structures Corrosion = Risks in high moisture environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Processed above 1,700°F = Hot Rolled Steel Re-rolled at room temperature = Cold Rolled Steel Produces less precise dimensions = Hot Rolled Steel Results in increased hardness = Cold Rolled Steel</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mild steel = Preferred for ductility and flexibility Weathering steel = Limits corrosion under specific conditions Reinforced concrete = Less predictable properties High carbon steel = Often hard and brittle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plate girders = Standard rolled shapes Open web joists = Standard rolled shapes Bars and plates = Hot Rolled Steel Structural beams = Cold Rolled Steel</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Statically Determinate = A structure where reactions can be determined using only equilibrium equations Concentrated Force = A force assumed to act at a single point on a body Pressure = Force per unit area applied on a surface Architectural Structure = A man-made construction that meets engineering and aesthetic requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smooth and oily surface = Cold Rolled Steel Slight distortions from cooling = Hot Rolled Steel Better concentric uniformity = Cold Rolled Steel Easier to work products = Hot Rolled Steel</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elasticity = Minimizes design assumption errors Toughness = Enhances overall structural integrity Permanence = Supports long-term structural reliability Ductility = Absorbs impacts without immediate failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fireproofing Costs = Heat impact on steel integrity Corrosion = Exposure to air and moisture Brittleness = Failure in sudden stress scenarios Maintenance Needs = Regular upkeep for longevity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Length = Describes the position of a point in space Mass = A measure of the quantity of matter in a body Force = A push or pull exerted by one body on another Pressure = Force applied per unit surface area</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elasticity = Essential for structural calculations Permanence = Long-lasting infrastructure solutions Toughness = Safeguards against unexpected loads Ductility = Allows for safe design variations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evaluation = Determining if strength and serviceability requirements are met Redesign = Repetition of previous steps as necessary Final Decision = Assessing whether an optimum design has been achieved Review of Prerequisites = Examining foundational knowledge before design</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concentrated Force = Acts at a single point on a body Distributed Force = Acts over a given length or area Static Load = Remains applied to a structure constantly Dynamic Load = Changes with time and intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behavior and Design of Structures = Physics - Engineering Mechanics Statics Strength of Materials = Analysis of structural integrity under loads Theory of Structures = Fundamentals of how structures respond to forces Steel and Timber Design = Specific materials used in structural construction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Force = Interaction that can push or pull between bodies Static Equilibrium = Condition when forces are balanced and the body is at rest Structural Design = Meeting requirements for parts and the whole Aesthetic Considerations = Design elements that appeal to visual aesthetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beams = Support loads from above Columns = Transfer loads vertically Trusses = Provide triangular support structure Foundations = Anchor the structure to the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Step 1: Requirements = Identifying the criteria for design success Step 2: Analysis = Evaluating the structural configuration under loads Step 3: Design = Creating the structural plan to meet requirements Step 4: Implementation = Executing the design into a physical structure</p> Signup and view all the answers