STD's Chapter 25 Lesson 1 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What can STDs cause?

Cancer, infertility, premature birth

What are sexually transmitted diseases?

Infectious diseases spread from person to person through sexual contact

What are epidemics?

Occurrences of disease in which many people in the same place at the same time are affected

What are three reasons why the spread of STDs has been called a hidden epidemic?

<ol> <li>Many people with STDs don't have symptoms 2) Some people may be too embarrassed to seek treatment 3) Diagnosed STDs may not be reported to health departments.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What does asymptomatic mean?

<p>Without symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fraction of the new cases of STDs in the United States each year are teens?

<p>1/4</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many young people are infected with an STD every day?

<p>10,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are four high-risk behaviors for infection from STDs?

<ol> <li>Being sexually active with more than one person 2) Engaging in unprotected sex 3) Selecting high-risk partners 4) Using alcohol and other drugs</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is abstinence?

<p>The deliberate decision to avoid harmful behaviors, including sexual activity before marriage and the use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the only method that is 100% effective in preventing STDs and the sexual transmission of HIV?

<p>Abstinence from sexual activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are four ways sexually transmitted diseases can change a person's life?

<ol> <li>Some STDs are incurable 2) Some STDs cause cancer 3) Some STDs make females unable to reproduce 4) Some STDs can be passed to children</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What can STDs be caused by?

<p>Viruses, bacteria, protozoa, insects</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an STD caused by viruses?

<p>Genital herpes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an STD caused by bacteria?

<p>Gonorrhea or chlamydia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an STD that is caused by protozoa?

<p>Trichomoniasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an STD that is caused by insects?

<p>Pubic lice</p> Signup and view all the answers

What virus can cause genital warts or asymptomatic infection?

<p>Human papilloma virus (HPV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a bacterial infection that affects the reproductive organs of both sexes?

<p>Chlamydia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a bacterial STD that usually affects mucous membranes?

<p>Gonorrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an STD caused by the herpes simplex virus?

<p>Genital herpes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an STD caused by a microscopic protozoan that results in infections of the vagina, urethra, and bladder?

<p>Trichomoniasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an STD that attacks many parts of the body and is caused by a small bacterium called a spirochete, happening in stages?

<p>Syphilis</p> Signup and view all the answers

STDs account for what percentage of the most common communicable diseases in the US?

<p>85%</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important fact to remember about STDs?

<p>The primary means of transmission is sexual activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated number of new cases every year?

<p>Incidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated number of people currently infected?

<p>Prevalence</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which STD has the greatest incidence in the US?

<p>Trichomoniasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which STD has the greatest known prevalence in the US?

<p>Genital herpes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can treatment rid the body of HPV?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of cancer are caused by HPV?

<p>Cervical cancer, cancer of the penis and anus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of females infected with Chlamydia are asymptomatic?

<p>75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one serious complication that can result from undetected Chlamydia?

<p>Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of males infected with Chlamydia are asymptomatic?

<p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can gonorrhea be treated?

<p>Antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one possible consequence of untreated gonorrhea?

<p>Infertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of genital herpes?

<p>Type 1 &amp; type 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does type 1 genital herpes cause?

<p>Cold sores</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does type 2 genital herpes cause?

<p>Genital sores</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the presence of symptoms of genital herpes and the spread of the disease?

<p>The virus can spread even in the absence of symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection for children of infected mothers?

<p>Potentially fatal (death)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is HSV's role in HIV?

<p>People infected with herpes are more capable of transmitting or acquiring HIV</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms apparent in the four stages of syphilis?

<ol> <li>Painless reddish sore called a chancre 2) The sore heals on its own, but if not treated, it spreads 3) Damage to internal organs 4) Leading to blindness, paralysis, death</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it the responsibility of any person infected with an STD to notify everyone with whom he or she has had sexual contact?

<p>It could save the other person's life and stop the possibility of them giving an STD to someone else</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Overview of STDs

  • STDs can lead to serious health issues, including cancer, infertility, and premature birth.
  • Defined as infectious diseases transmitted through sexual contact.

Epidemics and Hidden Nature of STDs

  • Epidemics occur when many individuals in a specific location are infected simultaneously.
  • The spread of STDs has been termed a "hidden epidemic" due to:
    • Many infections are asymptomatic, going unnoticed by individuals.
    • Stigma and embarrassment prevent some from seeking treatment.
    • Diagnosed cases may remain unreported, hindering public health responses.

Risk Factors and Prevention

  • High-risk behaviors contributing to STD spread include:
    • Being sexually active with multiple partners.
    • Engaging in unprotected sexual activities.
    • Choosing partners with known risks.
    • Using alcohol or drugs that impair judgment.
  • Abstinence from sexual activity is the only 100% effective method to prevent STDs.

Impact and Life Changes Due to STDs

  • STDs can significantly alter lives because:
    • Some are incurable (e.g., genital herpes, AIDS).
    • Others can lead to various cancers (e.g., hepatitis B causes liver cancer).
    • Certain infections can cause infertility (e.g., pelvic inflammatory disease).
    • STDs can affect infants during pregnancy (e.g., lead to premature birth).

Statistics on STDs

  • Approximately 1/4 of new STD cases in the U.S. occur among teenagers.
  • Around 10,000 young people are newly infected with STDs daily.
  • STDs constitute 85% of the most common communicable diseases in the U.S.

Types of STDs and Their Causes

  • STDs can be caused by:
    • Viruses (e.g., genital herpes, HPV).
    • Bacteria (e.g., gonorrhea, chlamydia).
    • Protozoa (e.g., trichomoniasis).
    • Insects (e.g., pubic lice).

Key STD Examples

  • HPV: Can cause genital warts and is linked to several cancers.
  • Chlamydia: Often asymptomatic in 75% of females and 50% of males; untreated infections can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease.
  • Gonorrhea: Treatable with antibiotics, but can lead to infertility if left untreated.
  • Syphilis: Progresses through four stages with varying symptoms, can damage internal organs, and might lead to severe complications.

Special Considerations

  • Genital herpes is caused by herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2:
    • Type 1 usually results in cold sores.
    • Type 2 typically causes genital sores.
  • The presence of symptoms does not eliminate the risk of transmission for herpes.
  • Infected mothers may have children at risk of severe complications from HSV.

Notification and Responsibility

  • Individuals infected with STDs bear the responsibility to inform previous sexual partners to prevent further spread and potential life-threatening consequences.

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Description

Explore key concepts related to sexually transmitted diseases with these flashcards from Chapter 25, Lesson 1. Understand the causes, definitions, and implications of STDs, including their connection to epidemics and potential health consequences. Ideal for students studying health or biology.

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