Podcast
Questions and Answers
Methods used that summarize or describe characteristics of data are called _______ statistics.
Methods used that summarize or describe characteristics of data are called _______ statistics.
descriptive
A value at the center or middle of a data set is a(n) _______.
A value at the center or middle of a data set is a(n) _______.
measure of center
Which of the following is NOT a measure of center?
Which of the following is NOT a measure of center?
The measure of center that is the value that occurs with the greatest frequency is the _______.
The measure of center that is the value that occurs with the greatest frequency is the _______.
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Which of the following is always true?
Which of the following is always true?
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If the standard deviation for a set of data is 0, which of the following must be true?
If the standard deviation for a set of data is 0, which of the following must be true?
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The Range Rule of Thumb roughly estimates the standard deviation of a data set as _______.
The Range Rule of Thumb roughly estimates the standard deviation of a data set as _______.
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What is the role of the term average in statistics?
What is the role of the term average in statistics?
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The symbol for sample standard deviation is _______.
The symbol for sample standard deviation is _______.
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The symbol for population standard deviation is _______.
The symbol for population standard deviation is _______.
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The symbol for sample variance is _______.
The symbol for sample variance is _______.
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The symbol for population variance is _______.
The symbol for population variance is _______.
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If sample data consist of weights measured in grams, then the unit for sample standard deviation would be _______.
If sample data consist of weights measured in grams, then the unit for sample standard deviation would be _______.
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The unit for population standard deviation would be _______.
The unit for population standard deviation would be _______.
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The unit for sample variance would be _______.
The unit for sample variance would be _______.
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The unit for population variance would be _______.
The unit for population variance would be _______.
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For data sets having a distribution that is approximately bell-shaped, _______ states that about 68% of all data values fall within one standard deviation from the mean.
For data sets having a distribution that is approximately bell-shaped, _______ states that about 68% of all data values fall within one standard deviation from the mean.
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The square of the standard deviation is called the _______.
The square of the standard deviation is called the _______.
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When a data value is converted to a standardized scale representing the number of standard deviations the data value lies from the mean, we call the new value a _______.
When a data value is converted to a standardized scale representing the number of standard deviations the data value lies from the mean, we call the new value a _______.
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Whenever a data value is less than the mean, _______.
Whenever a data value is less than the mean, _______.
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The 5-number summary includes _______.
The 5-number summary includes _______.
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Which of the following is NOT a value in the 5-number summary?
Which of the following is NOT a value in the 5-number summary?
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What do P(A) and P(Ā) represent when A denotes the event of selecting someone with blue eyes?
What do P(A) and P(Ā) represent when A denotes the event of selecting someone with blue eyes?
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When using the ______, always be careful to avoid double-counting outcomes.
When using the ______, always be careful to avoid double-counting outcomes.
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Events that are _______ cannot occur at the same time.
Events that are _______ cannot occur at the same time.
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What does P(B|A) represent?
What does P(B|A) represent?
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Two events A and B are _______ if the occurrence of one does not affect the probability of the occurrence of the other.
Two events A and B are _______ if the occurrence of one does not affect the probability of the occurrence of the other.
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'At least one' is equivalent to _______.
'At least one' is equivalent to _______.
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A _______ probability of an event is a probability obtained with knowledge that some other event has already occurred.
A _______ probability of an event is a probability obtained with knowledge that some other event has already occurred.
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What is the probability of getting the correct Social Security number of the person who was given the receipt?
What is the probability of getting the correct Social Security number of the person who was given the receipt?
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If radio station call letters must begin with either K or W and must include either two or three additional letters, how many different possibilities are there?
If radio station call letters must begin with either K or W and must include either two or three additional letters, how many different possibilities are there?
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Study Notes
Descriptive Statistics
- Descriptive statistics summarize or describe characteristics of data without making conclusions beyond the data.
- Measures of center include mean, median, and mode.
Measures of Center
- The measure of center represents the middle value in a data set.
- The mode is the most frequently occurring value, while the census is not a measure of center.
- In a symmetric, bell-shaped distribution, the mean, median, and mode are equal.
Data Characteristics
- A standard deviation of 0 indicates that all data values are identical.
- The Range Rule of Thumb estimates standard deviation as ( s = \text{range}/4 ).
Terminology in Statistics
- The term "average" is not used; "mean" refers to the sum of sample values divided by the total number of values.
- Sample standard deviation is symbolized as ( s ), while population standard deviation is represented by ( \sigma ).
Variance
- The sample variance is denoted by ( s^2 ) and population variance by ( \sigma^2 ).
- Units for standard deviation in grams remain in grams (g), while variance is expressed in square grams (g²).
Empirical Rule
- According to the Empirical Rule, approximately 68% of data values in a bell-shaped distribution fall within one standard deviation from the mean.
Standardized Scores
- A z-score indicates how many standard deviations a data value is from the mean; scores below the mean yield negative z-scores.
Five-Number Summary
- The five-number summary includes minimum, Q1, median, Q3, and maximum values, while the mean is not part of this summary.
Probability Concepts
- The probability of event A (e.g., selecting someone with blue eyes) is denoted as ( P(A) ) and ( P(\bar{A}) ) represents the probability of the complementary event.
- The addition rule requires careful application to avoid double-counting outcomes.
Event Relationships
- Disjoint events cannot occur simultaneously, while independent events are unaffected by each other's occurrence.
- Conditional probability ( P(B|A) ) describes the probability of event B occurring given that event A has occurred.
Probability of Events
- "At least one" is synonymous with "one or more."
- The probability of selecting the correct Social Security number after knowing partial digits is extremely low at ( \frac{1}{100,000} ).
Combinatorial Probability
- For radio station call letters that start with K or W and have two or three additional letters, there are 36,504 unique combinations possible.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of essential concepts in descriptive statistics with these flashcards. This quiz covers key definitions and measures of center, helping you to better understand how to summarize data. Great for students looking to reinforce their learning in statistics.
