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Statistics is used to answer questions with 100% certainty.
Statistics is used to answer questions with 100% certainty.
False
Determine whether the underlined value is a parameter or a statistic: In a survey conducted in a certain town, 21% of adult respondents reported that they had been involved in at least one car accident in the past ten years.
Determine whether the underlined value is a parameter or a statistic: In a survey conducted in a certain town, 21% of adult respondents reported that they had been involved in at least one car accident in the past ten years.
statistic
Determine whether the underlined value is a parameter or a statistic: A study of 2,000 college students in a certain city found that 5% had been victims of violent crimes.
Determine whether the underlined value is a parameter or a statistic: A study of 2,000 college students in a certain city found that 5% had been victims of violent crimes.
statistic
Determine whether the underlined value is a parameter or a statistic: 51.9% of the residents of a certain city are female.
Determine whether the underlined value is a parameter or a statistic: 51.9% of the residents of a certain city are female.
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Determine whether the underlined value is a parameter or a statistic: Mark had an average time of 11 seconds for 328 races.
Determine whether the underlined value is a parameter or a statistic: Mark had an average time of 11 seconds for 328 races.
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Identify the sample of interest to university administration: 170 students were followed to determine the average parking time.
Identify the sample of interest to university administration: 170 students were followed to determine the average parking time.
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Identify the individuals in a study determining the percentage of cardiologists who had been sued for malpractice.
Identify the individuals in a study determining the percentage of cardiologists who had been sued for malpractice.
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Which branch of statistics deals with the organization and summarization of collected information?
Which branch of statistics deals with the organization and summarization of collected information?
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Classify the variable as qualitative or quantitative: the number of calls received at a company's help desk.
Classify the variable as qualitative or quantitative: the number of calls received at a company's help desk.
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Classify the variable as qualitative or quantitative: the number of seats in a school auditorium.
Classify the variable as qualitative or quantitative: the number of seats in a school auditorium.
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Classify the variable as qualitative or quantitative: the numbers on the shirts of a boy's football team.
Classify the variable as qualitative or quantitative: the numbers on the shirts of a boy's football team.
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Classify the variable as qualitative or quantitative: the weights of cases loaded onto an airport conveyor belt.
Classify the variable as qualitative or quantitative: the weights of cases loaded onto an airport conveyor belt.
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Identify the variables and determine whether each variable is quantitative or qualitative: The table summarizes details of four master's students.
Identify the variables and determine whether each variable is quantitative or qualitative: The table summarizes details of four master's students.
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Quantitative variables classify individuals in a sample according to what?
Quantitative variables classify individuals in a sample according to what?
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Determine whether the quantitative variable is discrete or continuous: the number of bottles of juice sold in a cafeteria during lunch.
Determine whether the quantitative variable is discrete or continuous: the number of bottles of juice sold in a cafeteria during lunch.
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Determine whether the quantitative variable is discrete or continuous: the cholesterol levels of a group of adults.
Determine whether the quantitative variable is discrete or continuous: the cholesterol levels of a group of adults.
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Determine whether the quantitative variable is discrete or continuous: the low temperature in degrees Fahrenheit on January 1st in a certain city.
Determine whether the quantitative variable is discrete or continuous: the low temperature in degrees Fahrenheit on January 1st in a certain city.
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Determine whether the quantitative variable is discrete or continuous: the number of goals scored in a hockey game.
Determine whether the quantitative variable is discrete or continuous: the number of goals scored in a hockey game.
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Determine whether the quantitative variable is discrete or continuous: the number of phone calls to the police department on any given day.
Determine whether the quantitative variable is discrete or continuous: the number of phone calls to the police department on any given day.
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Determine whether the quantitative variable is discrete or continuous: the age of the oldest employee in the data processing department.
Determine whether the quantitative variable is discrete or continuous: the age of the oldest employee in the data processing department.
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Classify the following random variable: telephone area codes.
Classify the following random variable: telephone area codes.
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A student is asked to rate a guest speaker's ability to communicate as poor, average, good, or excellent. What type of data is being collected?
A student is asked to rate a guest speaker's ability to communicate as poor, average, good, or excellent. What type of data is being collected?
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Determine the level of measurement of the variable: the medal received (gold, silver, bronze) by an Olympic gymnast.
Determine the level of measurement of the variable: the medal received (gold, silver, bronze) by an Olympic gymnast.
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Determine the level of measurement of the variable: height of a tree.
Determine the level of measurement of the variable: height of a tree.
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Determine the level of measurement of the variable: the native language of a tourist.
Determine the level of measurement of the variable: the native language of a tourist.
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Determine the level of measurement of the variable: an officer's rank in the military.
Determine the level of measurement of the variable: an officer's rank in the military.
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Determine the level of measurement of the variable: weight of rice bought by a customer.
Determine the level of measurement of the variable: weight of rice bought by a customer.
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Determine the level of measurement of the variable: a student's favorite sport.
Determine the level of measurement of the variable: a student's favorite sport.
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Determine the level of measurement of the variable: capacity of a backpack.
Determine the level of measurement of the variable: capacity of a backpack.
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Determine the level of measurement of the variable: the year of manufacture of a car.
Determine the level of measurement of the variable: the year of manufacture of a car.
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Determine whether the study depicts an observational study or an experiment: A medical researcher obtains a sample of adults suffering from diabetes and assigns them to treatment and placebo groups.
Determine whether the study depicts an observational study or an experiment: A medical researcher obtains a sample of adults suffering from diabetes and assigns them to treatment and placebo groups.
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Determine whether the study depicts an observational study or an experiment: A poll is conducted in which professional musicians are asked their ages.
Determine whether the study depicts an observational study or an experiment: A poll is conducted in which professional musicians are asked their ages.
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Determine whether the study depicts an observational study or an experiment: The personnel director calls each employee to ask about their lunch habits.
Determine whether the study depicts an observational study or an experiment: The personnel director calls each employee to ask about their lunch habits.
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Determine whether the study depicts an observational study or an experiment: A scientist randomizes plots for crop yield study comparing fertilizers.
Determine whether the study depicts an observational study or an experiment: A scientist randomizes plots for crop yield study comparing fertilizers.
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Determine whether the study depicts an observational study or an experiment: A researcher compares depression rates among smokers and nonsmokers.
Determine whether the study depicts an observational study or an experiment: A researcher compares depression rates among smokers and nonsmokers.
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What procedure would be most appropriate for obtaining a sample of the town's residents for a library survey?
What procedure would be most appropriate for obtaining a sample of the town's residents for a library survey?
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List all possible simple random samples of size 2 from a committee with 6 members.
List all possible simple random samples of size 2 from a committee with 6 members.
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What sampling technique is used when selecting 35 math majors, 26 music majors, and 45 history majors from larger populations?
What sampling technique is used when selecting 35 math majors, 26 music majors, and 45 history majors from larger populations?
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Identify the type of sampling used: Every fifth adult entering an airport is checked for extra security screening.
Identify the type of sampling used: Every fifth adult entering an airport is checked for extra security screening.
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Identify the type of sampling used: five auto repair classes are randomly selected, and all students from each are interviewed.
Identify the type of sampling used: five auto repair classes are randomly selected, and all students from each are interviewed.
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Identify the type of sampling used: all passengers on five randomly selected cruises are interviewed.
Identify the type of sampling used: all passengers on five randomly selected cruises are interviewed.
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Identify the type of sampling used: a statistics student interviews everyone in his apartment building.
Identify the type of sampling used: a statistics student interviews everyone in his apartment building.
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Identify the type of sampling used: a lobbyist randomly generates numbers to contact senators.
Identify the type of sampling used: a lobbyist randomly generates numbers to contact senators.
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Identify the type of sampling used: 300 homeowners under and over 65 years old are randomly selected.
Identify the type of sampling used: 300 homeowners under and over 65 years old are randomly selected.
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Identify the type of sampling used: the names of 100 employees are randomly drawn from a bag.
Identify the type of sampling used: the names of 100 employees are randomly drawn from a bag.
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What is the frame for a study of advertising effects on high school boys in small towns?
What is the frame for a study of advertising effects on high school boys in small towns?
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The sum of all the relative frequencies of a distribution will always add up to 1.
The sum of all the relative frequencies of a distribution will always add up to 1.
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What is the difference between a bar chart and a histogram?
What is the difference between a bar chart and a histogram?
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Study Notes
General Concepts of Statistics
- Statistics cannot provide 100% certainty; it deals with uncertainty and variability.
- Parameters describe whole populations, while statistics are derived from samples.
Parameters vs. Statistics
- A percentage from a survey (e.g., 21% of adult respondents involved in accidents) is a statistic.
- Findings from a study of 2,200 college students reporting 5% victims of violent crimes is a statistic.
- A percentage indicating that 51.9% of city residents are female is a parameter.
- An athlete's career average time across races is considered a parameter.
Sampling and Populations
- Sample of interest for parking time includes the times recorded from 170 observed students.
- In studies, individuals are often defined by their population groups, such as cardiologists in a malpractice study.
Types of Statistics
- Descriptive statistics focuses on summarizing and organizing collected data.
Variables Classification
- Variables can be qualitative (e.g., student names, favorite sports) or quantitative (e.g., number of calls, weights).
- Quantitative variables may be discrete (e.g., number of juice bottles sold) or continuous (e.g., cholesterol levels, ages).
Levels of Measurement
- Variables are classified into four levels: nominal (e.g., language), ordinal (e.g., Olympic medals), interval (e.g., year of manufacture), and ratio (e.g., weight of rice).
Study Types
- Experiments involve treatment groups and control groups to assess cause-and-effect relationships.
- Observational studies involve measuring or surveying without intervention to observe existing conditions.
Sampling Techniques
- Random sampling is crucial for eliminating bias, as seen in studies conducted among selected groups or categories.
- Stratified sampling involves dividing the population into subgroups and randomly sampling from each.
- Systematic sampling selects every nth individual in a list, while cluster sampling involves selecting entire groups for study.
Data Collection Methods
- Surveys and interviews are common methods to collect data from specified groups.
- Simple random samples give each individual an equal chance to be selected.
Key Statistical Principles
- The sum of relative frequencies in a distribution should equal 1, considering small rounding errors.
- Bar charts display categorical data while histograms show frequency distributions, with the former's bars not touching and the latter's bars touching.
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Description
Prepare for your Statistics Test with these flashcards covering key concepts and definitions. Each card presents a question related to the fundamentals of statistics, helping you to reinforce your understanding and enhance your knowledge for upcoming exams.
