Statistics: Sampling and Variables

Briefly describe the two meanings of the word statistics.

Identify three main differences between statistics and probability.

In each statement, decide whether descriptive or inferential statistics is used. Based on Mrs. Smith's electric bill for last year she expects that she will be paying $75/month this year.

In each statement, decide whether descriptive or inferential statistics is used. The amount of time needed to run the Suva marathon is more than 3 hours.

In each statement, decide whether descriptive or inferential statistics is used. Next year, the sea level will be higher than now.

Explain whether each of the following constitutes a population or a sample. Weight of 30 students in ST130 course.

Explain whether each of the following constitutes a population or a sample. Time span to wait for all customers to be served in a Southern Cross restaurant.

Explain whether each of the following constitutes a population or a sample. Yield of taro per acre for 10 pieces of land.

Explain whether each of the following constitutes a population or a sample. Cows owned by all dairy farmers in Ba.

Which sampling method is used in each case? Interviewing every 14th customer leaving a theatre about the movie they had seen.

Which sampling method is used in each case? The country is divided into economic classes and a sample is chosen from each class to be surveyed.

Which sampling method is used in each case? A researcher divided subjects into 4 geographical groups and then selected all members from a randomly selected group as samples.

Which sampling method is used in each case? A Math's tutor at USP is interested in the mean number of days an ST130 student is absent from tutorial classes. The tutor takes her sample by gathering data on 5 randomly selected students from ST130 course.

When running an experimental study, the group that is manipulated can be called the independent group.

Define the relationship between confounding, dependent, and independent variables?

Explain the difference between qualitative, quantitative, discrete, and continuous variables, then classify each variable as qualitative nominal, qualitative ordinal or quantitative discrete or quantitative continuous. Number of apples sold in Suva market every one hour.

Explain the difference between qualitative, quantitative, discrete, and continuous variables, then classify each variable as qualitative nominal, qualitative ordinal or quantitative discrete or quantitative continuous. Ranking of tennis players.

Explain the difference between qualitative, quantitative, discrete, and continuous variables, then classify each variable as qualitative nominal, qualitative ordinal or quantitative discrete or quantitative continuous. Time it takes to cut the lawn.

Explain the difference between qualitative, quantitative, discrete, and continuous variables, then classify each variable as qualitative nominal, qualitative ordinal or quantitative discrete or quantitative continuous. Classification of children in a day care center as infant, toddler, preschool.

Classify each as nominal-level, ordinal-level, interval-level or ratio-level measurement. Temperatures inside 10 fridges (in degrees Celsius).

Classify each as nominal-level, ordinal-level, interval-level or ratio-level measurement. Level of performance (poor, fair, good, excellent).

Classify each as nominal-level, ordinal-level, interval-level or ratio-level measurement. Categories of magazines in a physician's office (sports, women's, health, men's, news).

Classify each as nominal-level, ordinal-level, interval-level or ratio-level measurement. Times required by a student to complete the ST130 test.

Name and define two areas of statistics.

What is probability? Name two areas where probability is used.

Suggest some ways that statistics can be used in everyday life.

Explain the differences between a sample and a population.

Why are samples used in statistics?

In each of the statements, tell whether descriptive or inferential statistics have been used. In the year 2010, 148 million Americans will be enrolled in HMO.

In each of the statements, tell whether descriptive or inferential statistics have been used. Nine out of ten on-the-job fatalities are men.

In each of the statements, tell whether descriptive or inferential statistics have been used. Expenditures in the cable industry were $5.66 billion in 1996.

In each of the statements, tell whether descriptive or inferential statistics have been used. The median Household income for people aged 24-35 is $35,888.

In each of the statements, tell whether descriptive or inferential statistics have been used. Allergy therapy makes bees go away.

In each of the statements, tell whether descriptive or inferential statistics have been used. Drinking decaffeinated coffee can raise cholesterol levels by 7%.

In each of the statements, tell whether descriptive or inferential statistics have been used. The national average annual medicine expenditure per person is $1052.

In each of the statements, tell whether descriptive or inferential statistics have been used. Experts say that mortgage rates may soon hit bottom.

Classify each as nominal-level, ordinary-level, interval-level, or ratio-level measurement. pages in the city of Cleveland telephone book.

Classify each as nominal-level, ordinary-level, interval-level, or ratio-level measurement. Rankings of tennis players.

Classify each as nominal-level, ordinary-level, interval-level, or ratio-level measurement. Weights of air conditioners.

Classify each as nominal-level, ordinary-level, interval-level, or ratio-level measurement. Temperatures inside 10 refrigerators.

Classify each as nominal-level, ordinary-level, interval-level, or ratio-level measurement. Salaries of the top 5 CEOs in the United States.

Classify each as nominal-level, ordinary-level, interval-level, or ratio-level measurement. Rating of eight local plays (poor, fair, good, excellent).

Classify each as nominal-level, ordinary-level, interval-level, or ratio-level measurement. Times required for mechanics to do a tune-up.

Classify each as nominal-level, ordinary-level, interval-level, or ratio-level measurement. Age of students in a classroom.

Classify each as nominal-level, ordinary-level, interval-level, or ratio-level measurement. Marital status of patients in a physician's office.

Classify each as nominal-level, ordinary-level, interval-level, or ratio-level measurement. Horsepower of tractor engines.

Classify each variable as qualitative or quantitative. Number of bicycles sold in 1 year by a large sporting goods store.

Classify each variable as qualitative or quantitative. Colors of baseball caps in a store.

Classify each variable as qualitative or quantitative. Time it takes to cut down a lawn.

Classify each variable as qualitative or quantitative. Capacity in cubic feet of six truck beds.

Classify each variable as qualitative or quantitative. Classification of children in a day-care center (infant, toddler, preschool).

Classify each variable as qualitative or quantitative. Weights of fish caught in Lake George.

Classify each variable as qualitative or quantitative. Marital status of faculty members in a large university.

Classify each variable as discrete or continuous. number of doughnuts sold each day by Doughnut Heaven.

Classify each variable as discrete or continuous. Water temperature of six swimming pools in Pittsburg on a given day.

Classify each variable as discrete or continuous. Weights of cats in a pet shelter.

Classify each variable as discrete or continuous. Lifetime (in hours) of 12 flashlight batteries.

Classify each variable as discrete or continuous. Number of cheeseburgers sold each day by a hamburger stand on a college campus.

Classify each variable as discrete or continuous. Number of DVDs rented each day by a video store.

Classify each variable as discrete or continuous. Capacity (in gallons) of six reservoirs in Jefferson County.

Classify each sample as random, systematic, stratified, or cluster. In a large school district, all teachers from two buildings are interviewed to determine whether they believe the students have less homework to do now than in previous years.

Classify each sample as random, systematic, stratified, or cluster. Every seventh customer entering a shopping mall is asked to select his or her favorite store

Classify each sample as random, systematic, stratified, or cluster. Nursing supervisors are selected using random number in order to determine annual salaries.

Classify each sample as random, systematic, stratified, or cluster. Every 110th hamburger manufactured is checked to determine its fat content.

Classify each sample as random, systematic, stratified, or cluster. Mail carriers of a large city are divided into four groups according to gender (male or female) and according to whether they walk or ride on their routes. Then 10 are selected from each group and interviewed to determine whether they have been bitten by a dog last year.

Identify each study as being either observational or experimental. Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups, and one group was given an herb and other group a placebo. After 6 months, the number of respiratory tract infections each group had was compared.

Identify each study as being either observational or experimental. A researcher stood at a busy intersection to see if colour of an automobile that person drives is related to running red lights.

Identify each study as being either observational or experimental. A researcher finds that people who are more hostile have higher total cholesterol levels than those who are less hostile.

Identify each study as being either observational or experimental. Subjects are randomly assigned to four groups. Each group is placed on one of four special diets-a low-fat diet, a high-fish diet, a combination of low-fat diet and high-fish diet, and a regular diet. After 6 months, the blood pressures of the groups are compared to see if diet has any affect on blood pressure.

Briefly identify a member, a variable, an observation, and a data set with reference to this table.

Briefly explain the difference between sampling with replacement and sampling without replacement.

Briefly explain the difference between the terms statistic and parameter.

A sociologist wishes to estimate the proportion of all adults in a certain region who have never married. In a random sample of 1,320 adults, 145 have never married, hence 145/1320 ≈ .11 or about 11% have never married. What is the population of interest?

A sociologist wishes to estimate the proportion of all adults in a certain region who have never married. In a random sample of 1,320 adults, 145 have never married, hence 145/1320 ≈ .11 or about 11% have never married. What is the parameter of interest?

A sociologist wishes to estimate the proportion of all adults in a certain region who have never married. In a random sample of 1,320 adults, 145 have never married, hence 145/1320 ≈ .11 or about 11% have never married. What is the statistic involved?

A sociologist wishes to estimate the proportion of all adults in a certain region who have never married. In a random sample of 1,320 adults, 145 have never married, hence 145/1320 ≈ .11 or about 11% have never married. Based on this sample, do we know the proportion of all adults who have never married? Explain fully.