Questions and Answers
What does μ refer to?
What does σ represent?
What does σ² represent?
What does P refer to?
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What does Q represent?
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What does ρ signify?
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What does N refer to?
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What does x̄ represent?
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What does s signify?
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What does s² represent?
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What does p refer to?
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What does q represent?
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What does r signify?
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What does n represent?
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What does Β₀ signify?
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What does Β₁ indicate?
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What does R² refer to?
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What does b₀ signify?
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What does b₁ represent?
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What does sb₁ refer to?
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What does P(A) represent?
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What does P(A/B) signify?
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What does P(A') represent?
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What does P(A ∩ B) signify?
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What does P(A ∪ B) refer to?
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What does E(X) indicate?
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What does b(x; n, P) represent?
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What does n! refer to?
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What does nPr signify?
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What does nCr denote?
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What does A ∩ B refer to?
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What does A ∪ B represent?
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What does {A, B, C} signify?
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What does {∅} represent?
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What does H₀ denote?
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What does H₁ or Ha refer to?
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What does α represent?
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What does Β signify?
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What does Z or z signify?
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What does Zα represent?
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What does Tα denote?
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What does fα refer to?
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What does fα(v₁, v₂) signify?
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What does Χ² represent?
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What does Σ signify?
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What does Σx or Σxi signify?
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What does sqrt refer to?
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Study Notes
Statistical Notations and Their Meanings
- μ: Represents the population mean, the average value of a dataset.
- σ: Signifies the standard deviation of a population, indicating data dispersion.
- σ²: Denotes the variance of a population, measuring data variance.
- P: Indicates the proportion of a population with a specific attribute.
- Q: Represents the proportion without a specified attribute, calculated as Q = 1 - P.
- ρ: Refers to the population correlation coefficient, quantifying the correlation between two variables within the population.
- N: Specifies the total number of elements in a population.
- x̄: Indicates the sample mean, the average of a sampled dataset.
- s: Denotes the standard deviation of a sample, reflecting variability in the sampled data.
- s²: Represents the variance of a sample, measuring dispersion within a sample.
- p: Signifies the proportion of sample elements possessing a specific attribute.
- q: Indicates the sample proportion lacking a specific attribute, calculated as q = 1 - p.
- r: Refers to the sample correlation coefficient, quantifying the relationship between two variables in a sample.
- n: Indicates the number of elements within a sample.
Regression Notations
- Β₀: Represents the intercept constant in a population regression line.
- Β₁: Denotes the regression coefficient (slope) in a population regression line.
- R²: Represents the coefficient of determination, measuring the proportion of variation explained by a model.
- b₀: Indicates the intercept constant in a sample regression line.
- b₁: Represents the regression coefficient (slope) in a sample regression line.
- sb₁: Represents the standard error of the slope of a regression line.
Probability Notations
- P(A): Indicates the probability that event A will occur.
- P(A/B): Represents the conditional probability that event A occurs given event B has occurred.
- P(A'): Refers to the probability of the complement of event A.
- P(A ∩ B): Represents the probability of both events A and B occurring.
- P(A ∪ B): Indicates the probability that at least one of events A or B occurs.
Expectation and Binomial Probability
- E(X): Represents the expected value of a random variable X.
- b(x; n, P): Represents binomial probability for x successes in n trials with probability P.
Factorial and Permutation/Combination Notation
- n!: Represents the factorial value of n, the product of all positive integers up to n.
- nPr: Indicates the number of permutations of n elements taken r at a time.
- nCr: Denotes the number of combinations of n elements taken r at a time.
Set and Hypothesis Notation
- A ∩ B: Represents the intersection of events A and B, those outcomes common to both.
- A ∪ B: Indicates the union of events A and B, outcomes that are in either event.
- {A, B, C}: Represents a set containing elements A, B, and C.
- {∅}: Indicates the null set, a set with no elements.
- H₀: Represents the null hypothesis, a statement of no effect or no difference.
- H₁ or Ha: Denotes an alternative hypothesis, suggesting some effect or difference.
Error and Score Notations
- α: Represents the significance level, the threshold for rejecting the null hypothesis.
- Β: Represents the probability of committing a Type II error, failing to reject a false null hypothesis.
- Z or z: Indicates a standardized score (z-score) that represents how many standard deviations a data point is from the mean.
Additional Statistical Notations
- Zα: Represents the standardized score with cumulative probability equal to 1 - α.
- Tα: Denotes the t-score with cumulative probability equal to 1 - α.
- fα: Represents the F statistic with cumulative probability equal to 1 - α.
- fα(v₁, v₂): Indicates the F statistic with v₁ and v₂ degrees of freedom and a cumulative probability of 1 - α.
- Χ²: Denotes the chi-square statistic, a measure used in hypothesis testing.
- Σ: Represents the summation symbol, utilized to compute the sum of a series of values.
- Σx or Σxi: Refers to the sum of a set of observations, calculated as Σxi = x1 + x2 + ... + xn.
- sqrt: Indicates the square root function, such as sqrt(4) = 2.
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This quiz focuses on essential statistics notations and their meanings. Each card presents a notation commonly used in statistics along with its definition, helping you understand and memorize important terms. Perfect for students or anyone looking to brush up on statistical vocabulary.