Statistics in School Studies

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Questions and Answers

What is the main characteristic of Multistage Sampling?

It is used when the population is small

It is a combination of stratified and cluster sampling (correct)

It is a type of non-probability sampling

It is a type of probability sampling

What is the main advantage of Non-probability Sampling?

It is easier to implement (correct)

It provides a more accurate representation of the population

It is more time-consuming

It is more costly

What is the difference between probability and non-probability sampling?

Non-probability sampling provides a more accurate representation of the population

Probability sampling is used in qualitative research

Non-probability sampling is used in qualitative research

Probability sampling provides a more accurate representation of the population (correct)

What is Cluster Sampling?

A type of sampling where groups are formed based on geographical location Signup and view all the answers

What is Stratified Sampling?

A type of sampling where the population is divided into groups based on characteristics Signup and view all the answers

What is Systematic Sampling?

A type of sampling where every nth individual is selected Signup and view all the answers

When is Non-probability Sampling used?

When the researcher does not need to sample the entire population Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Multistage Sampling and Cluster Sampling?

Multistage sampling is a combination of stratified and cluster sampling Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of sampling in research?

To identify a representative of a population for a study Signup and view all the answers

According to Flick (2009), what is the focus of case sampling?

Identifying the target participants Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between stratified sampling and cluster sampling?

Stratified sampling involves dividing the population into groups based on criteria set by the researcher, while cluster sampling involves random selection from naturally occurring groups Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of material sampling?

To determine the data collection tools Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of stratified sampling?

It ensures the representativeness of the sample Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of cluster sampling?

Random selection from naturally occurring groups Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of presentational sampling?

Choosing which data to use or analyze Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sampling is not mentioned in the content?

Multistage Sampling Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of stratified random sampling?

To divide the population into subgroups based on their characteristics Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sampling is used when the population is divided into smaller groups or clusters?

Cluster sampling Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between multistage sampling and cluster sampling?

Multistage sampling involves selecting a random sample from each cluster, while cluster sampling selects all units from each cluster Signup and view all the answers

What is snowball sampling, and how is it used?

A type of non-probability sampling that involves identifying a sample group accumulatively Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of observation/fieldwork in data collection?

It provides first-hand experience with the participant Signup and view all the answers

What is quota sampling, and how is it used?

A type of non-probability sampling that involves selecting a sample based on predetermined characteristics Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary disadvantage of observation/fieldwork in data collection?

The researcher may be seen as intrusive Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sampling is used when a sample is selected from a larger population, and then a subset of that sample is selected for further study?

Multistage sampling Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Types of Sampling

Multistage Sampling: a combination of stratified and cluster sampling, involving multiple stages of grouping, including naturally occurring groups and groups based on researcher-set criteria.
Non-probability Sampling: used when the population does not need to be sampled to represent the target population, and individuals do not have an equal chance of being sampled.
Systematic Sampling: involves setting a fixed interval to determine the sample, often used in qualitative research, and is useful for collecting preliminary data.

Snowball Sampling

Identification of the sample group is accumulative and can come from populations not initially known by the researcher.
Example: studying the impact of Alzheimer's on family members, where the researcher asks known patients for referrals to others like them.

Quota Sampling

Sampling is representative of a population to be used in a study.
Sampling decisions are applied in various areas of the research process, including case sampling, sampling groups of cases, material sampling, sampling within the material, and presentational sampling.

Methods of Data Collection

Observation/Fieldwork: a method used when a participant can be observed directly, with five types of observations: participant, nonparticipant, systematic/structured, unstructured, and simple/contrived observations.
Advantages: provides firsthand experience with the participant.
Disadvantages: the researcher may be seen as intrusive.

Stratified Random Sampling

The population is divided into different groups/strata based on criteria set by the researcher.
The researcher then randomly identifies individuals from these groups.

Cluster Sampling

Similar to stratified random sampling, but individuals are randomly selected from naturally occurring groups (e.g., cities, schools).

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Description

This quiz covers the concepts and methods used in statistical analysis, particularly in the context of school studies. It includes topics such as multistage sampling and non-probability sampling.