Statistics Exam: Fundamentals and Concepts

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Questions and Answers

What is the basis of the subject of statistics?

Collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data.

What is a statistical observation?

Data or information obtained based on observation or measurement in statistics.

What is the most visual form of interpretation of statistical data?

Graphs or charts.

If the name of the population is drawn by lottery, then it is:

Random sampling Signup and view all the answers

How can we calculate the absolute value of 1% relative growth rate? $T = \frac{CT}{S}$

T = CT/S Signup and view all the answers

In what year were the final results of the 2019 census announced?

2022 Signup and view all the answers

What is a sample?

A subset of units drawn from a population, usually intended to represent that population in a study Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of variable?

Discrete and continuous Signup and view all the answers

What type of numerical variables are there?

Discrete and continuous Signup and view all the answers

What should the innovation statistics reflect?

Indicators of creation and dissemination of new and improved products, services, technological processes Signup and view all the answers

If the number of people leaving the country divided by the average annual number of the population it means...

Rate of immigrants Signup and view all the answers

Knowing that the share of urban population as a rate is 0.565, then calculate the share of the rural population:

0.435 Signup and view all the answers

Find the correlation coefficient due to given information.

-0.89 Signup and view all the answers

What does interpolation mean?

Finding missing data within the dynamic sequences Signup and view all the answers

What does extrapolation mean?

Calculation of forecast price Signup and view all the answers

Original value of assets is 35,500 manat, salvage value is 2,500 manat. If estimated production capability is 100,000 units, calculate the depreciation expense per unit: $\text{____ manat}$

0.33 Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental principle of the sampling method?

random selection and impartiality Signup and view all the answers

Match the following programming languages with their primary usage:

Python = General-purpose programming JavaScript = Client-side scripting for web applications SQL = Database queries CSS = Styling web pages Signup and view all the answers

What is a random sample?

A set of items drawn from a population, where each item in the population has an equal chance of ending up in the sample. Signup and view all the answers

What are the boundaries of 45.7 meters?

45.69-45.73 meters Signup and view all the answers

What is the average quarterly growth rate if the average annual growth rate is 1.02?

0.255 Signup and view all the answers

What are the mean, median, and mode best described as?

Measures of central tendency Signup and view all the answers

Which most accurately describes a correlational method?

It looks at the relationship or dependence between variables Signup and view all the answers

The mean of a distribution of ten scores is exactly 6. There are two scores in the distribution that is exactly 6. You remove them. What happens to the mean now?

Less than 6 Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of a distribution?

The distance from the lowest to the highest score Signup and view all the answers

What is the highest point of a frequency polygon?

Mode Signup and view all the answers

What is the variance of the distribution when the average age of 20 soldiers is 30 years old and every soldier is exactly 30 years old?

0 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a continuous variable?

How much you weigh Signup and view all the answers

If you surveyed the ages of the people outside an elementary school in the morning, the result of the distribution would likely be...

Bimodal Signup and view all the answers

What is the mean number of donuts consumed by a class of statistics students in a 24-hour period from the provided distribution?

2.54 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Here are the study notes:

Statistics Exam*

Basis of Statistics

Basis of the subject of statistics: studying interactions in statistics

Statistical Observation

Types of non-general observation: current, monograph, one-time, period, sampling
Statistical observation: collecting and analyzing data to understand phenomena

Commodity Turnover

Formula to calculate commodity turnover per capita: T = V/C (where T is commodity turnover per capita, V is total commodity turnover, and C is population)
Formula to calculate number of inventory turnover: n = V/T (where n is number of inventory turnover, V is total commodity turnover, and T is commodity turnover per capita)
Formula to calculate duration of turnover: t = D/n (where t is duration of turnover, D is number of days, and n is number of inventory turnover)

Average Values

Formula to calculate weighted average: x̄ = (Σxi)/n (where x̄ is weighted average, xi is value of each item, and n is number of items)
Types of average values: arithmetic mean, harmonic mean, quadratic mean, geometric mean

Birth Rate and Death Rate

Formula to calculate birth rate: Rb = (N × 1000)/S (where Rb is birth rate, N is number of births, and S is population size)
Formula to calculate death rate: Rd = (M × 1000)/S (where Rd is death rate, M is number of deaths, and S is population size)

Migration

Formula to calculate migration rate: Rm = ((I - E) × 1000)/S (where Rm is migration rate, I is number of immigrants, E is number of emigrants, and S is population size)
Types of migration: internal migration, external migration

Correlation and Regression

Methods to study interaction in statistics: analytical grouping, graphical method, regression-correlation
Formula to calculate correlation coefficient: not provided

Measurement Scales

Types of variables: categorical, numerical (discrete, continuous)
Types of numerical variables: discrete, continuous

Other Concepts

Coefficient of workforce number
Absence turnover rate
Total employee turnover rate
Economically inactive population: persons under 15 years old, pensioners, housewives engaged in family duties, etc.
Labour resources: able-bodied population in the working age### Statistics and Economics
Labor Productivity Index: measures the changes in the productivity of labor
- Formula: (Output / Labor Hours) × 100
Commodity Turnover Index: measures the changes in the physical volume of commodity turnover
- Formula: (Physical Volume of Turnover / Base Period) × 100
Price Index: measures the changes in prices of commodities
- Formula: (Current Price / Base Period Price) × 100
Physical Volume Index: measures the changes in the physical volume of commodity production
- Formula: (Current Volume / Base Period Volume) × 100
Aggregate Price Index: measures the changes in the general price level of a basket of commodities
- Formula: (Sum of Price Relatives / Number of Commodities) × 100
Depreciation: the decrease in value of an asset over time
- Methods: Straight-Line Method, Declining Balance Method, Sum of Years' Digits Method
Acceptable Weight: the weight of a product that is acceptable for sale
Fat Content: the percentage of fat in milk
Random Sample: a set of items drawn from a population, where each item has an equal chance of being selected
Correlational Method: a statistical method to analyze the relationship between variables
Measure of Central Tendency: a statistical measure that describes the middle value of a distribution (Mean, Median, Mode)
Range: the difference between the highest and lowest values in a distribution
Frequency Polygon: a graphical representation of a frequency distribution
Variance: a measure of the spread of a distribution
Continuous Variable: a variable that can take on any value within a certain range or interval### Average Value of Equipment
To calculate the average value of equipment over a 1-year period, consider the values at different periods: 70,000 (1 Jan), 75,000 (1 Mar), 62,000 (1 July), and 70,000 (1 Aug).
The correct answer is A. 71,000.

Deviation of Error in Sampling

The formula to calculate the deviation of error in sampling is: μ ± √(σ₀²/n) × (1 - n/N).
The correct answer is A.

Program-Methodological Section

The program-methodological section consists of observation object, observation unit, and proceeding unit.
The correct answer is A.

Labor Productivity

Scientific and technical progress has a greater influence on the increase in labor productivity.
The correct answer is A.

Aggregate Price Index

The aggregate price index is calculated by a specific formula (not provided in the text).

Grouping

Quantity and quality signs can be taken as a sign of grouping.
The correct answer is A.

Type of Grouping

In typical grouping, the quality characteristics form the basis of grouping.
The correct answer is A.

Graphic Image

A graphic image is a set of points, lines, and figures describing statistical indicators.
The correct answer is A.

Maximum Limit of Sampling Error

The maximum limit of sampling error is calculated by the formula: Δ = t × √(σ₀²/n).
The correct answer is A.

Descriptive Statistic

"Smoking increases your chance of dying of lung cancer by 37%" is not a descriptive statistic.
The correct answer is A.

Study to Measure a Small Effect

Increasing the sample size will increase the chance of detecting the effect.
The correct answer is A.

Sample Size and Power of a Statistical Test

If you increase the sample size in a survey, the power of a statistical test will increase.
The correct answer is A.

Method of Studying Interactions

The balance method is used to study interactions in statistics.
The correct answer is B.

Statistical Table

The statistical table is an example of the balance method of studying interactions in statistics.
The correct answer is B.

Study of Relationships

The analytical clustering method is used to study relationships between components of events.
The correct answer is C.

GDP in Azerbaijan

The GDP in Azerbaijan in 2022 was 93.8 billion manats.
The correct answer is D.

The share of agriculture in GDP was 11.5% in 2022.
The correct answer is E.

GDP in Azerbaijan (2023)

The GDP in Azerbaijan in 2023 was not specified in the text.

Population Census

Demographic indicators, educational indicators, economic indicators, households, and family relationships are important components of population census.
The correct answer is E.

Method to Calculate GDP

The Expenditure Method, Output Method, and Income Method are used to calculate GDP in Azerbaijan.
The correct answer is C.

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Description

Test your knowledge of statistics with this exam, covering topics such as the basis of statistics, statistical observations, and calculations. Evaluate your understanding of statistical concepts and methods.