Statistics Definitions

The pre-determined probability of making a Type I error, typically set at 0.05 (5%), is known as the ______.

[Blank] refers to how well the results of a study apply to a specific patient or clinical setting, influencing treatment decisions.

The ______ is calculated by finding the absolute difference in outcome rates between the experimental and control groups, quantifying the intervention's impact.

To assess the effect on three or more groups, one should use the statistical test known as ______.

[Blank] introduces systematic error into a study, potentially leading to an inaccurate estimation of the true effect of a treatment.

[Blank] is employed to minimize bias by keeping participants, researchers, or data analysts unaware of treatment assignments.

The ______ is a method to correct for multiple comparisons, adjusting the significance level to decrease the chance of Type I errors.

A relationship where one factor directly influences a change in another is defined as ______.

In single-subject designs, a ______ visually represents trends in data across different phases, showing progress made.

The ______ is utilized to analyze nominal data by comparing observed frequencies against expected frequencies.

[Blank] assesses if an observed effect is substantial enough to create a tangible difference in patients' lives.

A ______ provides a range of values that likely contains the true population parameter, offering a measure of the estimate's precision.

A ______ can distort the observed relationship between an exposure and an outcome because it is associated with both.

[Blank] quantifies the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two variables.

[Blank] is used to evaluate the internal consistency reliability of a scale or instrument, verifying its dependability.

[Blank] like mean, median, and standard deviation, are used to summarize the characteristics of a dataset.

[Blank] quantifies the magnitude of a treatment effect or the difference between two groups.

[Blank] refers to the effect of a treatment under ideal, controlled conditions, often seen in research settings.

[Blank] measures the effect of a treatment in real-world clinical practice, showing results in everyday situations.

The ______ in ANOVA represents the ratio of variance between groups to variance within groups, testing for significant differences.

The best measurement method or diagnostic test available, with very high validity, is referred to as the ______.

[Blank] is a statistical procedure to determine whether there is enough evidence in a sample to reject a null hypothesis.

[Blank] refers to statistical methods used to make generalizations about a population based on sample data.

[Blank] is an analysis strategy in RCTs where all participants are analyzed according to their originally assigned group, regardless of treatment received.

The degree of agreement between multiple raters scoring the same phenomenon independently is known as ______.