Questions and Answers
How is a sample related to a population?
A sample is a subset of a population.
Why is a sample used more often than a population?
It is usually impossible to count every single member of a population. Counting every single member of the population is called a census.
A parameter is a numerical description of a _____ characteristic. A statistic is a numerical description of a ____ characteristic.
population, sample
What are the two branches of statistics?
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Descriptive statistics involves what?
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Inferential statistics involves what?
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A statistic is a measure that describes a population characteristic.
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It is impossible for the Census Bureau to obtain all the census data about the population of the United States.
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A population is the collection of some outcomes, responses, measurements, or counts of interest.
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A sample statistic will not change from sample to sample.
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Determine if it is a population or sample: The salary of each teacher in a school.
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Determine if it is a population or sample: The salary of each baseball player in a league.
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Determine if it is a population or sample: A survey of 500 spectators from a stadium with 42,000 spectators.
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Determine if it is a population or sample: The ages of one person per row in a cinema.
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Determine if it is a population or sample: The number of children for each household in a town.
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Determine if it is a population or sample: The age of each member of the House of Representatives.
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Determine if it is a population or sample: The ages of 13 members of a legislature.
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In a poll, 1,001 men in a country were asked about federal funding for medical research. What is the population and sample?
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A survey found that 46.8% of 12,086 men received an influenza vaccine. Identify population and sample.
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What is the population and sample in a polling of 2,445 undergraduates about food spending?
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A quality-control manager selects 30 bottles of orange juice. What is the population and sample?
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A study in public restrooms found that 23% did not wash hands. Is this a parameter or statistic?
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A zoo found that 8% of its 843 animals were nocturnal. Is this a parameter or statistic?
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In a survey of 578 women, more than 70% were primary investors in their household. What part represents the descriptive branch of statistics?
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Study Notes
Understanding Samples and Populations
- A sample is a subset of a population used for analysis.
- Census: A process to count every member of a population, often impractical for large groups.
Parameters and Statistics
- Parameter: Numerical description of a population characteristic.
- Statistic: Numerical description of a sample characteristic.
Branches of Statistics
- Descriptive Statistics: Involves organizing, summarizing, and displaying data.
- Inferential Statistics: Uses samples to make conclusions about populations.
True/False Statements
- A statistic describes a sample characteristic, not a population's.
- The U.S. Census Bureau cannot gather full census data due to population changes.
- A population includes all outcomes of interest, while a sample consists of some observations.
Identifying Populations and Samples
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Population Examples:
- Salaries of all teachers at a school.
- Salaries of all baseball players in a league.
- Number of children in all households in a town.
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Sample Examples:
- Survey results from 500 spectators in a stadium of 42,000.
- Ages of one person from each row in a cinema.
- Ages of 13 members of a legislature.
Application Examples
- In a poll of 1,001 men, the population comprises all men in the country; the sample is the 1,001 men surveyed.
- A survey of 12,086 men identifies the population as the immunization status of all men in the country and the sample as the 12,086 surveyed.
- In quality control, the population refers to all bottles of orange juice filled on April 20, while the sample is the 30 bottles randomly selected.
Parameter vs. Statistic
- A study revealing 23% of adults did not wash their hands reflects a statistic (based on the sample).
- A finding that 8% of 843 animals in a zoo are nocturnal is a parameter since it encompasses the entire population.
Descriptive and Inferential Statistics in Surveys
- In a survey revealing that over 70% of 578 women are primary investors in their households:
- Descriptive Statistic: 70% from the sample.
- Inference: Indicates an association between U.S. women and investment roles in households.
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Description
This quiz covers crucial concepts in statistics related to samples and populations. It explores definitions, differences between parameters and statistics, and the significance of descriptive and inferential statistics. Test your understanding of these foundational topics essential for data analysis!
