Statistics Chapter 5 Review Quiz

Qualitative data describe categories, while quantitative data represent counts or measures. Examples of qualitative data include brand names of shoes and eye colors. Examples of quantitative data include heights of students and quiz scores.

Bar graphs and pie charts. In a bar graph, categories are indicated along the horizontal axis with rectangles representing frequency or relative frequency. In a pie chart, each category corresponds to a wedge of a circle proportional to its relative frequency.

A graph should have a title or caption that explains the content. Labels for vertical and horizontal axes should indicate scale and describe the variables. A legend is needed if multiple data sets are displayed.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Grade Frequency: A-5, B-6, C-8, D-4, F-1; Relative Frequency: A-0.208, B-0.25, C-0.333, D-0.167, F-0.042; Cumulative Frequency: A-5, B-11, C-19, D-23, F-24; Total: 24.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a simple extension of a regular bar graph with two or more sets of bars that allows comparison of two or more data sets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a simple extension of a regular line chart using different lines for different data sets, each based on a different level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stack plots show different data sets stacked in bar graphs and line charts, using sections that are color-coded according to a legend, useful for showing trends over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The variation can seem to be larger than it really is.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can make it easier to show small scale trends in the data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The vertical axis represents percentage change, so a drop-off can indicate that the actual value rises by smaller amounts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A correlation exists when higher values of one variable consistently match higher or lower values of another. Examples include: amount of smoking and lung cancer, height and weight of people, price of a good and demand for the good.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive correlation means that both variables tend to increase or decrease together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negative correlation means that two variables tend to change in opposite directions, with one increasing while the other decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No correlation means that there is no apparent relationship between the two variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The strength of a correlation is determined by how closely the variables follow a general trend, which can be positive or negative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Look for correlation with suspected cause; 2. Check if effect is present/absent among groups with/without cause; 3. Larger amounts of cause produce larger effects; 4. Isolate potential causes to see if effect remains; 5. Test suspected cause with experiments; 6. Determine the mechanism by which the suspected cause induces the effect.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is a positive correlation between the crime rate and the number of taxi cabs, likely due to a common underlying cause such as increased tourism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This correlation is due to a direct cause because lower tire pressure requires more gasoline to roll.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Not all smokers get cancer because cancer is caused by cell mutation, and while smoking increases the chances of such mutation occurring, it does not occur in every smoker.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>You cannot conclude causality because a mechanism must be confirmed. Further research should focus on the effect of electricity on cell growth mechanisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers