Statistics Chapter 2 Flashcards

Study Notes

Class Limits

Lower class limits represent the smallest values in a data class, such as 0 in the range 0-99.
Upper class limits signify the largest values in a class, with 99 being the upper limit for 0-99.

Classification Elements

Class boundary is the number that separates two classes, calculated as 99.5 for the classes 0-99 and 100-199.
Class midpoint is determined by adding the lower and upper class limits, then dividing by 2; for the class 0-99, this yields a midpoint of 49.5.

Class Structure

Class width is the difference between two lower class limits; for example, it is 100 between classes 0-99 and 100-199.
Relative frequency is calculated as the class frequency divided by the total frequency, expressed as a percentage for each class.

Frequency Distributions

Cumulative frequency distribution shows the total frequency for classes up to a certain point, like listing values less than 100, 200, etc., accumulating frequencies from previous classes.

Data Visualization

Histogram is a type of bar graph that visually represents data without spaces between bars, illustrating frequency distribution.

Statistical Notations

E-looking thing symbolizes the addition of values in calculations.
n refers to the number of observations in a sample, while N indicates the size of the entire population.

Averages and Measures

x̄ (x with a bar on top) denotes the sample mean, calculated as the sum of values divided by n.
μ (u-looking thing) represents the population mean, found using Ex/N.
x̃ (x with a tilde) shows the median, a measure effective with datasets that have extreme values.
M indicates the mode, or the most frequently occurring value in a dataset.
Midrange is the average of the highest and lowest scores, calculated as (highest + lowest) / 2.

Rounding and Distribution Shape

Round off rule entails providing one additional decimal place compared to the original data values.
Skewed to the right indicates a positive skew, where the bulk of the data is at the lower end, creating a curve at the beginning.
Skewed to the left indicates a negative skew, characterized by a tail on the left, where most data points cluster toward the higher end.

Description

Test your knowledge of key concepts from Chapter 2 of Statistics. This quiz covers terms such as lower class limits, upper class limits, class boundaries, and class midpoints. Perfect for mastering the foundational ideas in statistical analysis.