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A frequency distribution is?
A frequency distribution is?
- A tabular summary of a data set showing the relative frequency
- A graphical form of representing data
- A graphical device for presenting qualitative data
- A tabular summary of a data set showing the frequency of items in each of several non-overlapping classes (correct)
The sum of frequencies for all classes will always equal?
The sum of frequencies for all classes will always equal?
- A value between 0 and 1
- The number of classes
- 1
- The number of items in a data set (correct)
The relative frequency of a class is computed by dividing?
The relative frequency of a class is computed by dividing?
- The frequency of the class by the number of data items (correct)
- The cumulative frequency of the class by the number of data items
- The frequency of the class by the number of classes
- The percent frequency of the class by the number of data items
The sum of the relative frequencies for all classes will always equal?
The sum of the relative frequencies for all classes will always equal?
A cumulative relative frequency distribution shows?
A cumulative relative frequency distribution shows?
Bar charts and pie charts are used to summarize?
Bar charts and pie charts are used to summarize?
In constructing a frequency distribution for quantitative data, the approximate class width is computed as?
In constructing a frequency distribution for quantitative data, the approximate class width is computed as?
A histogram is a graphical presentation of?
A histogram is a graphical presentation of?
A tabular method that can be used to summarize the data on two variables simultaneously is called?
A tabular method that can be used to summarize the data on two variables simultaneously is called?
A situation in which conclusions based upon aggregated cross-tabulation are different from not aggregated cross-tabulations is known as?
A situation in which conclusions based upon aggregated cross-tabulation are different from not aggregated cross-tabulations is known as?
A graphical presentation of the relationship between two quantitative variables is?
A graphical presentation of the relationship between two quantitative variables is?
What type of relationship is depicted in the following scatter diagram?
What type of relationship is depicted in the following scatter diagram?
What type of relationship is depicted in the following scatter diagram?
What type of relationship is depicted in the following scatter diagram?
Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The proportion (fraction) of business students working 9 hours or less is?
Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The proportion (fraction) of business students working 9 hours or less is?
Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The cumulative relative frequency for the 20-29 class is?
Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The cumulative relative frequency for the 20-29 class is?
Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The percentage of business students working at least 10 hours per week is?
Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The percentage of business students working at least 10 hours per week is?
Refer to Exhibit 2-2. What percentage of the students does not plan to go to graduate school?
Refer to Exhibit 2-2. What percentage of the students does not plan to go to graduate school?
Refer to Exhibit 2-2. What proportion of the students' undergraduate major is engineering?
Refer to Exhibit 2-2. What proportion of the students' undergraduate major is engineering?
Refer to Exhibit 2-2. Of those students who are majoring in business, what percentage plans to go to graduate school?
Refer to Exhibit 2-2. Of those students who are majoring in business, what percentage plans to go to graduate school?
Refer to Exhibit 2-2. Among the students who plan to go to graduate school, what proportion indicated 'Other' majors?
Refer to Exhibit 2-2. Among the students who plan to go to graduate school, what proportion indicated 'Other' majors?
What should you know regarding Exhibit 2-1?
What should you know regarding Exhibit 2-1?
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Study Notes
Frequency Distribution
- A frequency distribution summarizes data in tabular form by showing frequencies for non-overlapping classes.
- The total of all frequencies equals the number of items in the data set.
Relative Frequency
- Relative frequency is calculated by dividing the class frequency by the total number of data items.
- The sum of all relative frequencies for classes equals one (1).
Cumulative Relative Frequency
- A cumulative relative frequency distribution indicates the proportion of data items with values less than or equal to the upper limit of each class.
Graphical Representations
- Bar charts and pie charts are suitable for summarizing nominal and ordinal data.
- A histogram presents the frequency or relative frequency distribution of quantitative data.
Class Width in Frequency Distribution
- To determine the approximate class width, divide the range of data (largest value - smallest value) by the number of classes.
Cross-Tabulation
- Cross-tabulation is a method to simultaneously summarize data on two variables.
Simpson's Paradox
- Simpson's paradox occurs when conclusions from aggregated cross-tabulation differ from disaggregated cross-tabulations.
Scatter Diagram
- A scatter diagram visually represents the relationship between two quantitative variables, indicating types of relationships:
- Negative relationship: downward sloping points.
- No apparent relationship: points scattered without a discernible pattern.
Data Interpretation from Exhibits
- Key proportions and percentages related to business students:
- Proportion working 9 hours or less: 0.05.
- Cumulative relative frequency for the 20 - 29 class: 0.75.
- Percentage working at least 10 hours: 95%.
- Understanding proportions from specific majors:
- Proportion of students majoring in engineering: 0.365.
- Among business majors, percentage planning to attend graduate school: 27.78.
- Proportion of students planning to attend graduate school who indicated "Other" majors: 0.45.
Exam Preparation
- Review how to construct frequency distributions and bar graphs.
- Understand how to create relative frequency distributions and pie charts using examples from test banks.
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