Questions and Answers
A frequency distribution is?
The sum of frequencies for all classes will always equal?
The relative frequency of a class is computed by dividing?
The sum of the relative frequencies for all classes will always equal?
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A cumulative relative frequency distribution shows?
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Bar charts and pie charts are used to summarize?
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In constructing a frequency distribution for quantitative data, the approximate class width is computed as?
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A histogram is a graphical presentation of?
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A tabular method that can be used to summarize the data on two variables simultaneously is called?
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A situation in which conclusions based upon aggregated cross-tabulation are different from not aggregated cross-tabulations is known as?
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A graphical presentation of the relationship between two quantitative variables is?
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What type of relationship is depicted in the following scatter diagram?
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What type of relationship is depicted in the following scatter diagram?
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Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The proportion (fraction) of business students working 9 hours or less is?
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Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The cumulative relative frequency for the 20-29 class is?
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Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The percentage of business students working at least 10 hours per week is?
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Refer to Exhibit 2-2. What percentage of the students does not plan to go to graduate school?
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Refer to Exhibit 2-2. What proportion of the students' undergraduate major is engineering?
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Refer to Exhibit 2-2. Of those students who are majoring in business, what percentage plans to go to graduate school?
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Refer to Exhibit 2-2. Among the students who plan to go to graduate school, what proportion indicated 'Other' majors?
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What should you know regarding Exhibit 2-1?
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Study Notes
Frequency Distribution
- A frequency distribution summarizes data in tabular form by showing frequencies for non-overlapping classes.
- The total of all frequencies equals the number of items in the data set.
Relative Frequency
- Relative frequency is calculated by dividing the class frequency by the total number of data items.
- The sum of all relative frequencies for classes equals one (1).
Cumulative Relative Frequency
- A cumulative relative frequency distribution indicates the proportion of data items with values less than or equal to the upper limit of each class.
Graphical Representations
- Bar charts and pie charts are suitable for summarizing nominal and ordinal data.
- A histogram presents the frequency or relative frequency distribution of quantitative data.
Class Width in Frequency Distribution
- To determine the approximate class width, divide the range of data (largest value - smallest value) by the number of classes.
Cross-Tabulation
- Cross-tabulation is a method to simultaneously summarize data on two variables.
Simpson's Paradox
- Simpson's paradox occurs when conclusions from aggregated cross-tabulation differ from disaggregated cross-tabulations.
Scatter Diagram
- A scatter diagram visually represents the relationship between two quantitative variables, indicating types of relationships:
- Negative relationship: downward sloping points.
- No apparent relationship: points scattered without a discernible pattern.
Data Interpretation from Exhibits
- Key proportions and percentages related to business students:
- Proportion working 9 hours or less: 0.05.
- Cumulative relative frequency for the 20 - 29 class: 0.75.
- Percentage working at least 10 hours: 95%.
- Understanding proportions from specific majors:
- Proportion of students majoring in engineering: 0.365.
- Among business majors, percentage planning to attend graduate school: 27.78.
- Proportion of students planning to attend graduate school who indicated "Other" majors: 0.45.
Exam Preparation
- Review how to construct frequency distributions and bar graphs.
- Understand how to create relative frequency distributions and pie charts using examples from test banks.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards from Chapter 2 of your statistics course. This quiz covers key concepts such as frequency distributions and how to represent data in various formats. Perfect for review before your mid-term exam!
