Statistics Chapter 2 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

A frequency distribution is?

  • A tabular summary of a data set showing the relative frequency
  • A graphical form of representing data
  • A graphical device for presenting qualitative data
  • A tabular summary of a data set showing the frequency of items in each of several non-overlapping classes (correct)

    • The sum of frequencies for all classes will always equal?

  • A value between 0 and 1
  • The number of classes
  • 1
  • The number of items in a data set (correct)

    • The relative frequency of a class is computed by dividing?

  • The frequency of the class by the number of data items (correct)
  • The cumulative frequency of the class by the number of data items
  • The frequency of the class by the number of classes
  • The percent frequency of the class by the number of data items

    • The sum of the relative frequencies for all classes will always equal?

    <p>One</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A cumulative relative frequency distribution shows?

    <p>The proportion of data items with values less than or equal to the upper limit of each class</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bar charts and pie charts are used to summarize?

    <p>Nominal and ordinal data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In constructing a frequency distribution for quantitative data, the approximate class width is computed as?

    <p>(Largest data value - smallest data value) / (number of classes)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A histogram is a graphical presentation of?

    <p>A frequency or relative frequency distribution of quantitative data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A tabular method that can be used to summarize the data on two variables simultaneously is called?

    <p>Cross-tabulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A situation in which conclusions based upon aggregated cross-tabulation are different from not aggregated cross-tabulations is known as?

    <p>Simpson's paradox</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A graphical presentation of the relationship between two quantitative variables is?

    <p>A scatter diagram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of relationship is depicted in the following scatter diagram?

    <p>A negative relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of relationship is depicted in the following scatter diagram?

    <p>No apparent relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The proportion (fraction) of business students working 9 hours or less is?

    <p>0.05</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The cumulative relative frequency for the 20-29 class is?

    <p>0.75</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The percentage of business students working at least 10 hours per week is?

    <p>95%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Refer to Exhibit 2-2. What percentage of the students does not plan to go to graduate school?

    <p>65</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Refer to Exhibit 2-2. What proportion of the students' undergraduate major is engineering?

    <p>0.365</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Refer to Exhibit 2-2. Of those students who are majoring in business, what percentage plans to go to graduate school?

    <p>27.78</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Refer to Exhibit 2-2. Among the students who plan to go to graduate school, what proportion indicated 'Other' majors?

    <p>0.45</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you know regarding Exhibit 2-1?

    <p>Frequency distribution and bar graph, relative frequency distribution and pie chart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Frequency Distribution

    • A frequency distribution summarizes data in tabular form by showing frequencies for non-overlapping classes.
    • The total of all frequencies equals the number of items in the data set.

    Relative Frequency

    • Relative frequency is calculated by dividing the class frequency by the total number of data items.
    • The sum of all relative frequencies for classes equals one (1).

    Cumulative Relative Frequency

    • A cumulative relative frequency distribution indicates the proportion of data items with values less than or equal to the upper limit of each class.

    Graphical Representations

    • Bar charts and pie charts are suitable for summarizing nominal and ordinal data.
    • A histogram presents the frequency or relative frequency distribution of quantitative data.

    Class Width in Frequency Distribution

    • To determine the approximate class width, divide the range of data (largest value - smallest value) by the number of classes.

    Cross-Tabulation

    • Cross-tabulation is a method to simultaneously summarize data on two variables.

    Simpson's Paradox

    • Simpson's paradox occurs when conclusions from aggregated cross-tabulation differ from disaggregated cross-tabulations.

    Scatter Diagram

    • A scatter diagram visually represents the relationship between two quantitative variables, indicating types of relationships:
      • Negative relationship: downward sloping points.
      • No apparent relationship: points scattered without a discernible pattern.

    Data Interpretation from Exhibits

    • Key proportions and percentages related to business students:
      • Proportion working 9 hours or less: 0.05.
      • Cumulative relative frequency for the 20 - 29 class: 0.75.
      • Percentage working at least 10 hours: 95%.
    • Understanding proportions from specific majors:
      • Proportion of students majoring in engineering: 0.365.
      • Among business majors, percentage planning to attend graduate school: 27.78.
      • Proportion of students planning to attend graduate school who indicated "Other" majors: 0.45.

    Exam Preparation

    • Review how to construct frequency distributions and bar graphs.
    • Understand how to create relative frequency distributions and pie charts using examples from test banks.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge with these flashcards from Chapter 2 of your statistics course. This quiz covers key concepts such as frequency distributions and how to represent data in various formats. Perfect for review before your mid-term exam!

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