Statistics Chapter 2 - Classification of Variables

Questions and Answers

What is a variable?

A constant

Any factor or property that a researcher measures, controls, and/or manipulates (correct)

A type of data analysis

None of the above

What are the classifications of variables?

Numeric, Categorical, Experimental, Non-Experimental and Variables according to the number being studied.

What are numeric variables?

Variables with values that describe a measurable numerical quantity.

Which of the following are types of numerical variables?

Continuous Variables Signup and view all the answers

What are continuous variables?

Variables that can assume any value between a certain set of real numbers. Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of continuous variables.

Time, age, temperature, height, and weight. Signup and view all the answers

What are discrete variables?

Variables that can only assume whole values within given limits. Signup and view all the answers

What are categorical variables?

Variables with values describing a quality or characteristic of a data unit. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are types of categorical variables?

Nominal Variables Signup and view all the answers

What are ordinal variables?

Variables that can be logically ordered or ranked. Signup and view all the answers

What are nominal variables?

Variables whose values cannot be organized in a logical sequence. Signup and view all the answers

What are dichotomous variables?

Variables that represent only two categories. Signup and view all the answers

What are polychotomous variables?

Variables that have many categories. Signup and view all the answers

What are experimental variables?

Independent, dependent, and extraneous variables. Signup and view all the answers

What are independent variables?

Variables that are usually manipulated in an experiment. Signup and view all the answers

What are dependent variables?

Variables that are affected by the manipulation of independent variables. Signup and view all the answers

What are extraneous variables?

Variables that are also called mediating or intervening variables. Signup and view all the answers

What are non-experimental variables?

Predictor and criterion variables. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a non-experimental variable?

Competencies of teachers and students' behavior in selected private schools. Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of studies based on the number of variables?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is a univariate study?

A study where only one variable is being studied. Signup and view all the answers

What is a bivariate study?

A study where two variables are being studied. Signup and view all the answers

What is a polyvariate study?

A study where more than two variables are being studied. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classification of Variables

Variables are factors or properties measured, controlled, or manipulated by researchers.
Types of variable classifications include: Numeric, Categorical, Experimental, Non-Experimental, and based on the number of variables studied.

Numeric Variables

Numeric variables represent measurable numerical quantities, answering "how many" or "how much."
Comprised of Continuous and Discrete variables.

Continuous Variables

Can take any value within a specified range of real numbers, also referred to as Interval Variables.
Examples include time, age, temperature, height, and weight.

Discrete Variables

Only take whole values within the defined limits.
Examples include the number of registered cars, business locations, children in a family, student population, and faculty numbers.

Categorical Variables

Describe qualities or characteristics and answer questions like "what type" or which category.
Further divided into Ordinal, Nominal, Dichotomous, and Polychotomous variables.

Ordinal Variables

Can be logically ordered or ranked.
Examples include academic grades, clothing sizes, and attitude measures like "strongly agree."

Nominal Variables

Values cannot be logically sequenced.
Examples encompass business types, eye colors, religions, and types of learners.

Dichotomous Variables

Represent only two categories.
Examples are male/female, yes/no, and true/false.

Polychotomous Variables

Have multiple categories.
Examples include educational attainment and levels of performance.

Experimental Variables

Include Independent, Dependent, and Extraneous variables.

Independent Variables

Typically manipulated in experiments, also known as explanatory variables.

Dependent Variables

Affected by the manipulation of independent variables, also referred to as response or predicted variables.

Extraneous Variables

Also called mediating or intervening variables; can affect the relationship between independent and dependent variables.

Non-Experimental Variables

Include Predictor and Criterion variables.

Predictor Variables

Change one or more other variables in non-experimental studies.

Criterion Variables

Influenced by predictor variables.

Study Types by Number of Variables

Univariate study: focuses on one variable.
Bivariate study: examines two variables.
Polyvariate study: investigates more than two variables.

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Test your knowledge on the classification of variables in statistics with this flashcard quiz. Learn the definitions and distinctions between numeric, categorical, experimental, and non-experimental variables. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of variable types.