Questions and Answers
What is an experiment?
What is a treatment in an experiment?
Any combination of the values of the factors in an experiment.
Define an experimental unit.
A person, object, or some other well-defined item upon which a treatment is applied.
What is a subject in the context of an experiment?
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What is the purpose of a control group?
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What is a placebo?
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Define blinding in experiments.
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What is a single-blind experiment?
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What is a double-blind treatment?
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What does design refer to in the context of experiments?
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What is replication in experiments?
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Define inferential statistics.
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What is a completely randomized design?
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What does matched-up pairs design entail?
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What is blocking in experimental design?
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Define a block in the context of experiments.
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What is a randomized block design?
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What does repeated-measures design refer to?
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Study Notes
Key Concepts in Experimental Design
- Experiment: A controlled study aimed at assessing the impact of varying explanatory variables on a response variable.
- Treatment: Represents any combination of factor values applied during an experiment.
Units and Groups
- Experimental Unit: The defined entity (person, object, etc.) to which a treatment is administered.
- Subject: A term for an experimental unit that specifically refers to human participants.
- Control Group: Baseline group used for comparison, reflecting standard practice against which treatments are evaluated.
Experimental Methods
- Placebo: A harmless substance designed to resemble the experimental drug, used to eliminate the psychological effect of receiving treatment.
- Blinding: A technique to prevent participants from knowing which treatment they receive to reduce bias.
- Single-Blind Experiment: The experimental unit is unaware of the treatment administered.
- Double-Blind Treatment: Neither the experimental unit nor the researcher knows which treatment is administered, further reducing bias.
Planning and Structure
- Design: The comprehensive plan outlining how the experiment will be conducted and treatments will be assigned.
- Replication: Ensures that each treatment is administered to multiple experimental units, enhancing reliability.
Statistical Techniques
- Inferential Statistics: Enables generalizations about a population based on sample results, crucial for drawing conclusions from experiments.
Types of Experimental Designs
- Completely Randomized Design: Every experimental unit is assigned randomly to any treatment, minimizing selection bias.
- Matched-Up Pairs Design: Pairs of experimental units are matched based on certain characteristics, ensuring relatedness in comparisons.
- Blocking: Similar experimental units are grouped prior to random assignment, controlling for variability within treatments.
Advanced Designs
- Block: A group of similar individuals used in the blocking technique to ensure homogeneity.
- Randomized Block Design: Experimental units are grouped into blocks, and treatments are randomly assigned within those blocks.
- Repeated-Measures Design: Involves measuring the same subjects under different treatments, allowing comparison of effects over time.
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Explore key terms related to the design of experiments in statistics with flashcards. This quiz will cover essential definitions such as experiments, treatments, and experimental units. Perfect for students wanting to master Chapter 1.6.