Statistics Chap. 1.6 - Design of Experiments

Questions and Answers

What is an experiment?

A basic observation without any measurements

A random selection of subjects without any treatment

A controlled study to determine effects of variables on a response (correct)

A process to eliminate bias in sampling

What is a treatment in an experiment?

Any combination of the values of the factors in an experiment.

Define an experimental unit.

A person, object, or some other well-defined item upon which a treatment is applied.

What is a subject in the context of an experiment?

An experimental unit that is a person. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a control group?

Serves as a baseline treatment for comparison. Signup and view all the answers

What is a placebo?

An innocuous medication that looks, tastes, and smells like the experimental medication. Signup and view all the answers

Define blinding in experiments.

Nondisclosure of the treatment an experimental unit is receiving. Signup and view all the answers

What is a single-blind experiment?

An experiment where the experimental unit does not know which treatment he or she is receiving. Signup and view all the answers

What is a double-blind treatment?

An experiment where neither the experimental unit nor the researcher knows which treatment is being administered. Signup and view all the answers

What does design refer to in the context of experiments?

The overall plan in conducting the experiment. Signup and view all the answers

What is replication in experiments?

Each treatment is applied to more than one experimental unit. Signup and view all the answers

Define inferential statistics.

A process of making generalizations about a population based on sample results. Signup and view all the answers

What is a completely randomized design?

Each experimental unit is randomly assigned to a treatment. Signup and view all the answers

What does matched-up pairs design entail?

Experimental units are paired up based on related characteristics. Signup and view all the answers

What is blocking in experimental design?

Grouping similar experimental units together and randomizing treatments within each group. Signup and view all the answers

Define a block in the context of experiments.

A group of homogeneous individuals. Signup and view all the answers

What is a randomized block design?

Experimental units are divided into homogeneous groups called blocks, and treatments are randomly assigned within each block. Signup and view all the answers

What does repeated-measures design refer to?

Measurements of the same subjects are taken using multiple treatments. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Concepts in Experimental Design

Experiment: A controlled study aimed at assessing the impact of varying explanatory variables on a response variable.
Treatment: Represents any combination of factor values applied during an experiment.

Units and Groups

Experimental Unit: The defined entity (person, object, etc.) to which a treatment is administered.
Subject: A term for an experimental unit that specifically refers to human participants.
Control Group: Baseline group used for comparison, reflecting standard practice against which treatments are evaluated.

Experimental Methods

Placebo: A harmless substance designed to resemble the experimental drug, used to eliminate the psychological effect of receiving treatment.
Blinding: A technique to prevent participants from knowing which treatment they receive to reduce bias.
Single-Blind Experiment: The experimental unit is unaware of the treatment administered.
Double-Blind Treatment: Neither the experimental unit nor the researcher knows which treatment is administered, further reducing bias.

Planning and Structure

Design: The comprehensive plan outlining how the experiment will be conducted and treatments will be assigned.
Replication: Ensures that each treatment is administered to multiple experimental units, enhancing reliability.

Statistical Techniques

Inferential Statistics: Enables generalizations about a population based on sample results, crucial for drawing conclusions from experiments.

Types of Experimental Designs

Completely Randomized Design: Every experimental unit is assigned randomly to any treatment, minimizing selection bias.
Matched-Up Pairs Design: Pairs of experimental units are matched based on certain characteristics, ensuring relatedness in comparisons.
Blocking: Similar experimental units are grouped prior to random assignment, controlling for variability within treatments.

Advanced Designs

Block: A group of similar individuals used in the blocking technique to ensure homogeneity.
Randomized Block Design: Experimental units are grouped into blocks, and treatments are randomly assigned within those blocks.
Repeated-Measures Design: Involves measuring the same subjects under different treatments, allowing comparison of effects over time.

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Explore key terms related to the design of experiments in statistics with flashcards. This quiz will cover essential definitions such as experiments, treatments, and experimental units. Perfect for students wanting to master Chapter 1.6.