Statistics and Variable Types Quiz

Application of statistical methods to biological sciences and medicine.

Raw material of statistics; figures resulting from counting or measurements.

Existing records (e.g., hospital records, accounting records) with relevant information.

Published reports, data banks, or research literature containing relevant data.

Gathering information through questionnaires to answer specific questions.

Data collected through a planned experiment to answer a question.

A characteristic that changes among individuals, places, or things.

Study of data collection, organization, summarization, analysis, and drawing inferences.

Methods used to summarize and describe the characteristics of a dataset.

A single value that represents the central or typical value in a dataset. Examples: mean, median, and mode.

Measures how spread out the data is from the central tendency. Examples: range, variance, and standard deviation.

A statement of no effect or no difference between groups being tested.

A statement that suggests there is an effect or difference between groups.

A procedure to determine whether the null hypothesis can be rejected.

Students missing more than 25% of class hours will not be allowed to take the final exam.

A variable that can be measured numerically.

A quantitative variable with gaps or interruptions in its values.

A quantitative variable that can take on any value within a range.

A variable that describes a quality or characteristic, not a numerical measurement.

A qualitative variable with categories that have no inherent order.

A qualitative variable with categories that have a meaningful order.

The entire group of items or individuals you're studying.

A subset of a population used to represent the whole.

A table that summarizes how often each value in a dataset appears. It organizes data into groups and shows the count or percentage for each group.

The midpoint of a class interval. It's calculated as the average of the lower and upper limits of the class interval.

The total frequency of all the classes up to and including a particular class. It helps understand the number of observations below a specific value.

The proportion of observations in a specific class relative to the total number of observations. It's shown as a decimal or percentage.

Adjusted class limits that account for the assumed continuity of data. They are calculated by subtracting 0.5 from the lower limit and adding 0.5 to the upper limit of each interval.

A graphical representation of a frequency distribution. The bars are adjacent to each other, representing the frequencies of each class interval. The height of each bar corresponds to the frequency.

The difference between the upper and lower limits of a class interval. It determines the size of each category in a frequency distribution.

The number of categories or groups used to organize data in a frequency distribution. It influences the level of detail in the summary.

The difference between the largest and smallest values in a dataset. It represents the spread of the data.

A formula used to estimate the optimal number of classes for a frequency distribution based on the number of observations. It helps balance detail and clarity.

Class intervals are often chosen as multiples of 5 or 10 for ease of understanding and interpretation. This makes data analysis more accessible.

The sum of frequencies for all classes up to a specific class. It shows the total number of observations up to that point.

The proportion of observations falling within a specific class interval, expressed as a fraction or percentage. It shows the relative importance of each class.

The cumulative sum of relative frequencies for all classes up to a specific class. It shows the proportion of observations up to that point.