Statistics and Uncertainty

Study Notes

Statistics is an important way to look at the world, as it deals with uncertainty and chance events.
It helps us make decisions based on assessment of uncertainty and chances.
Statistics provides a set of tools for dealing with uncertainty and making judgments.

Statistics is used to estimate future demand and make predictions.
It supports research papers and reports by providing a way to understand and critically evaluate statistical information.
Statistics helps us view social issues more rationally and make informed decisions.
It is used in various fields, including technology, government, and business.

Statistical knowledge makes us better-informed citizens.
It allows us to think critically and separate what is reasonable from what is not.
It helps us make wise decisions, such as investments, healthcare, and political choices.

Descriptive statistics: methods of collecting, organizing, summarizing, and presenting data in an informative way.
Descriptive statistics describes and summarizes a given variable, value, or data of social phenomena.
It presents the character and distribution of some measured phenomenon.
Inferential statistics: interpreting data, generalizing from a sample to a wider population, and testing hypotheses.

Example: calculating the most popular college major (mode) and average age (mean).
Descriptive statistics uses numerical and graphical tools to summarize and present data.

Inferential statistics is used to make generalizations from a sample to a wider population.
It is used in testing hypotheses and deciding whether the data is consistent with the research prediction.

Statistics is a branch of applied mathematics that involves the collection, description, analysis, and inference of conclusions from quantitative data.
It is the study of numbers used to represent various aspects of life, including numerical description, counting, ranking, measuring sizes, quantities, opinions, and feelings.
Statistics is the practice or science of collecting and analyzing numerical data in large quantities, especially for the purpose of inferring proportions in a whole from those in a representative sample.