Statistics and Sensory Concepts Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Match the following physiological measurements with their descriptions:

Physical conditions monitoring = Electronically measuring reaction and behavior Correlation coefficient = Degree of relationship between two variables Coincidence = Strong correlation does not imply causation Predictions = Requires more than one study for direction

Match the following statistical terms with their definitions:

Mean = The average value of a set of numbers Median = The midpoint of a data set Mode = The value that appears most frequently Standard deviation = Measure of score variability in groups

Match the following terms related to data analysis with their implications:

Correlation coefficient = Indicates relationship strength Coincidence = Suggests caution in interpretations Predictions = Depend on multiple studies for validation Standard deviation = Reflects distribution of data scores

Match the following statistical measures with their applications:

Mean = Used to find the average outcome Median = Useful for understanding central tendency Mode = Helps identify frequently occurring scores Standard deviation = Aids in comparing variance between groups Signup and view all the answers

Match the following experimental concepts with their relevance:

Physical conditions monitoring = Assessing effects of interventions Analysis of correlation = Understanding variable relationships Statistical measures = Summarizing and interpreting data Predictive analysis = Guiding future experimental designs Signup and view all the answers

Match the following sensory adaptation concepts with their definitions:

Sensory Adaptation = Sensory receptors grow accustomed to constant, unchanging stimuli Attention Level = The focus on specific stimuli over others Expectation = Anticipating a particular outcome based on prior knowledge Context = The environment or situation affecting perception Signup and view all the answers

Match the extrasensory perception terms with their definitions:

Clairvoyance = Ability to perceive objects or information without using main senses Telepathy = Reading minds or transferring one's thoughts Psychokinesis = Moving objects by using mental effort Precognition = Ability to foretell events Signup and view all the answers

Match the examples with their corresponding categories:

Wet Socks = Common household items Goldfish = Animals TV = Electronics Clown = Entertainment Signup and view all the answers

Match the factors influencing perception with their descriptions:

The Individual = Personal characteristics affecting perception Attention Level = Degree to which one focuses on stimuli Context = Surrounding conditions affecting interpretation Expectation = Beliefs influencing perception outcomes Signup and view all the answers

Match the animals with their common categories:

Dog = Pet Deer = Wild animal Mouse = Rodent Lobster = Seafood Signup and view all the answers

Match the characteristics of a stimulus with their descriptions:

Intensity = How forceful the stimulus is Size = Large or small Movement = Degree of ROM and speed Novelty = The 'newness' of a stimulus Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of thresholds with their definitions:

Absolute Threshold = The least detectable stimulus required for awareness Difference Threshold = Ability to notice changes in stimulus intensity Signup and view all the answers

Match the specialized nerves with the type of stimuli they detect:

Rods = React to light Cones = Enable color and fine detail Spatial Orientation = Information about body movement and position Touch = Sensation of temperature, pressure, and pain Signup and view all the answers

Match the sensory modalities with their associated characteristics:

Hearing = Includes pitch, loudness, and timbre Smell = Detection of airborne chemicals Taste = Detection of chemical substances in food Touch = Sensation detected all over the body Signup and view all the answers

Match the characteristics of sensation to their definitions:

Sensation = Process of becoming aware of a stimulus Absolute Threshold = Minimum detectable stimulation level Movement = Degree of range of motion Repetition = Frequency of stimulus occurrence Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Dependent variable = Behavior being observed/measured Independent variable = Things being controlled to see effects on the dependent variable Variable = Anything that can change or impact a study Blind study = Participants do not know the purpose of the study Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of research study with its description:

Longitudinal = Subjects are studied periodically for a number of years Cross-sectional = Participants are chosen from a variety of groups Case-in-depth = In-depth studying of individuals to learn factors influencing their development Double-blind = Both the participant and experimenter do not know the purpose of the study Signup and view all the answers

Match the data gathering method with its characteristics:

Self-Reporting = Researchers ask participants about their behavior and experiences Observation = Studies take place in the participant's natural environment Surveys = Pros: easy & quick; Cons: participants can lie Interviews = Pros: limitless detail; Cons: time-consuming Signup and view all the answers

Match the gathering data method with its type:

Naturalistic Observation = Studies take place in the participant's natural environment Self-Reporting = Participants disclose their behavior and experiences Survey = Collects data efficiently but may have dishonest responses Interview = Allows for detailed responses but requires significant time Signup and view all the answers

Match the study type with its focus:

Longitudinal study = Focus on changes over time Cross-sectional study = Focus on comparisons among different groups Case study = Focus on a detailed analysis of individuals Blind study = Focus on reducing biases in research Signup and view all the answers

Match the stages of child development with their characteristics:

Infancy (Birth - 9 months) = A child has all of its senses from birth. Toddlerhood (1-8 yrs old) = Muscle development and learning of body functions. Preschool (3-6 yrs old) = Learning complex activities (running, writing). Primary School (6-9 yrs old) = Skills improve but at a slower rate. Signup and view all the answers

Match Piaget's cognitive development stages with their descriptions:

Sensorimotor Stage (0-2 years) = Coordination of sensory and motor activity. Preoperational Stage (2-7 years) = Thinking is centered on one's own point of view. Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years) = Logical thinking for problem-solving. Formal Operational Stage (12+ years) = Abstract thinking and forming hypotheses. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following psychology concepts with their definitions:

Psychology = The study of human behavior and mental processes Theory = A statement of a general principle for explaining phenomena Bias = An unfavorable tendency that impacts accuracy of experiments Placebo = A treatment with no intended medical effect Signup and view all the answers

Match the age ranges with their developmental focus:

0-2 years = Coordination of sensory and motor activity. 3-6 years = Mastering fine motor skills. 6-9 years = Growth spurts. 1-8 years = Learning of body functions. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of biases with their descriptions:

Experimenter bias = Thoughts/actions of the experimenter affecting data accuracy Participant bias = Thoughts/actions of a participant impacting experimental validity Selection bias = Unintended influence from participant selection in experiments Measurement bias = Errors introduced by the measurement method Signup and view all the answers

Match the developmental milestones with their stages:

Infancy = Development happens over time rapidly. Toddlerhood = Learning of body functions. Preschool = Mastering fine motor skills. Primary School = Skills improve but at a slower rate. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following examples with their related psychology concepts:

Color preference = Demographics gravitate toward certain colors Drug addiction = Substance use leading to dependency Placebo effect = Perceived positive response to a non-effective treatment Confirmation bias = Interpreting information in a way that confirms pre-existing beliefs Signup and view all the answers

Match the cognitive milestones with their corresponding stages:

Stage 1: Sensorimotor = Understanding objects that are still there when not in sight. Stage 2: Preoperational = Language development. Stage 3: Concrete Operational = Logical thinking for problem-solving. Stage 4: Formal Operational = Thinking about thinking. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following participants selection principles with their importance:

Careful selection = Ensuring participants are appropriate for the study Diversity of participants = Considering a wide range of people for general theories Random assignment = Minimizing bias in participant groups Sample size = Increasing statistical power and validity of results Signup and view all the answers

Match the following psychological research terms with their implications:

Correlation = Statistical relationship between two variables Causation = Indicates one event is the result of another event Empirical evidence = Data gained through observation and experiments Hypothesis = A testable prediction based on theory Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts of learning with their definitions:

Classical Conditioning = Association of a stimulus with a response Operant Conditioning = Behavior connected with a reward or punishment Generalization = Responding similarly to similar stimuli Extinction = When a learned response decreases or disappears Signup and view all the answers

Match the following techniques in behavioral modification with their descriptions:

Counter-conditioning = Changing a negative response to a positive one Desensitization = Gradual exposure to reduce response to a stimulus Flooding = Forcing contact with a feared stimulus Repetition = Reinforcing a behavior through consistent practice Signup and view all the answers

Match the following key terms in learning psychology with their applications:

Timing = Determining when to apply a stimulus Discrimination = Responding differently to distinct stimuli Reinforcement = Strengthening a desired behavior Extinction = Loss of a learned behavior due to lack of reinforcement Signup and view all the answers

Match the following elements of conditioning with their examples:

School Bell in Classical Conditioning = Leaving the classroom Positive Reinforcement = Giving a reward for good behavior Negative Reinforcement = Removing an unpleasant stimulus when a desired behavior occurs Conditioned Response = Fear of a dog after being bitten Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Pavlov's principles with their correct descriptions:

Extinction = The diminishing of a conditioned response Repetition = Critical for retaining learned responses Generalization = Treating multiple similar stimuli the same way Discrimination = Identifying differences between similar stimuli Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of memory problems with their descriptions:

Decay = Memory fades over time Interference = Older memories block new information Amnesia = Inability to remember due to brain damage Repression = Selective forgetting Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of interference with their definitions:

Proactive = Older memories block the memorization of new information Retroactive = New information blocks the recall of older information Cue-dependent forgetting = Inability to retrieve information due to insufficient cues State-dependent = Tendency to remember in the same state as when learned Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to distortion with their definitions:

Source Amnesia = Inability to distinguish between original experience and learned information Confabulation = Confusion of an event that happened or believing an event that never existed Replacement = New memories replace older ones Interference = New information blocking older memory recall Signup and view all the answers

Match the following memory processes with their characteristics:

Decay = Memory deteriorates over time Amnesia = Result of brain damage or drugs Cue-dependent forgetting = Need for cues to retrieve information Repression = Forgetting certain memories intentionally Signup and view all the answers

Match the following psychological terms with their functions:

Interference = Blocks new learning or older recall State-dependent = Memory retrieval based on emotional or physical state Decay = Gradual loss of memory Confabulation = Misremembering or fabricating experiences Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of learning with their descriptions:

Reinforcement = Reward or punishment influencing behavior Cognitive Learning = Organizing information and forming associations Observational Learning = Learning by watching others' behaviors TOTE Learning = Process of testing and operating towards a goal Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts of reinforcement with their definitions:

Positive Reinforcement = Encourages particular behaviors through rewards Shaping = Reinforcing behaviors similar to target behavior Negative Reinforcement = Encouraging behavior by removing a negative stimulus Punishment = Discouraging behavior through consequences Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts related to observational learning with their explanations:

Understanding Behavior = Necessary for accurate imitation Imitation without Understanding = Can occur without comprehension of the behavior Learning from Models = Watching and replicating the behaviors of others Cognitive Processing = Involves insight and problem-solving Signup and view all the answers

Match the following influences on learning with their impact:

Meaningfulness = Importance of the information to the learner Transfer = Ability to apply learned knowledge in new situations Chemical Influence = Impact of neurotransmitters on learning processes Behavioral Shaping = Refining behaviors through systematic reinforcement Signup and view all the answers

Match the following stages of TOTE Learning with their functions:

Test = Determine if the goal is met Operate = Engage in actions to achieve the goal Test again = Reassess progress towards the goal Exit = Cease operations once the goal is achieved Signup and view all the answers

Match the following memory processes with their descriptions:

Encoding = Recording information Storage = Process of retaining information Retrieval = Process of recalling information in memory Chunking = Grouping items for easier recall Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of memory with their characteristics:

Sensory Memory = Lasts a fraction of a second Short-Term Memory = Contains about 7 items Long-Term Memory = Amount of data stored is very large Semantic Memory = Knowledge, rules, concepts Signup and view all the answers

Match the memory types with their duration:

Sensory Memory = Less than a second Short-Term Memory = Less than 20 seconds if not rehearsed Long-Term Memory = Potentially a lifetime Working Memory = Seconds to minutes Signup and view all the answers

Match the following short-term memory strategies with their definitions:

Rehearsal = Repeating information to retain it Chunking = Breaking down large information into smaller units Maintenance Rehearsal = Holding information actively in mind Elaborative Rehearsal = Connecting new information to existing knowledge Signup and view all the answers

Match the following characteristics of memory with their implications:

Memories can be altered = Accuracy of recall may vary Preventing overwhelming data = Facilitates decision making How much we remember is surprising = Potential for improved learning Remembering things if you like them = Influences emotional connection to memories Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Sensory Adaptation

The process where sensory receptors become less sensitive to constant stimulation.

Perception

The way we interpret sensory information, influenced by factors like attention, individual experiences, context, and expectations.