Statistical Concepts and Sampling Methods

The entire group of individuals about which we want information.

The part of the population from which we actually collect information.

A study that attempts to collect data from every individual in the population.

<p>Plan created to capture a sample of the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sample in which individuals decide whether to join based on an open invitation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sample selected by taking members that are easiest to reach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The design shows bias if it systematically favors certain outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The basic random sampling method where every sample has an equal chance of being chosen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sample obtained by classifying the population into groups (strata) and selecting SRS from each stratum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sample where the population is divided into clusters, and then randomly selecting whole clusters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sampling error that occurs when some members of the population are omitted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When selected individuals cannot be contacted or refuse to cooperate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A systematic pattern of incorrect responses in a sample survey.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the most important influence on the answers given to a survey.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A study that observes individuals and measures variables without attempting to influence responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deliberately imposes treatment on individuals to measure responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A variable not included in the study that may influence the response variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the effects of two variables on a response variable cannot be distinguished.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The smallest collection of individuals to which treatments are applied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Experimental units that are human beings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A specific experimental condition applied to the units.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Explanatory variables that influence outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A specific value of an explanatory variable (factor).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process of randomly assigning experimental values to treatments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An experimental group used as a baseline for comparison.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An inactive (fake) treatment given to a control group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It refers to controlling for lurking variables that might affect the response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using enough experimental units to distinguish differences in treatment effects from chance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An experiment where neither subjects nor those measuring responses know the treatment given.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An experiment where either subjects or those measuring responses know the treatment, but not both.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An observed effect that is unlikely to occur by chance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A group of experimental units known to be similar in some way before the experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A design where treatments are assigned randomly within predetermined blocks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A variable that explains or influences changes in a response variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A variable that measures an outcome of a study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The phenomenon where some subjects respond positively to inactive treatments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A design that compares two treatments using pairs of similar subjects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Errors that occur in surveys that are not related to the sampling process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The list from which a sample is actually chosen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A long string of digits where each entry is equally likely to be any digit from 0 to 9.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The use of chance to select a sample.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the names of individuals participating in a study are not known.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When treatments are assigned to experimental units completely by chance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The principle that individual data must be kept private.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using experimental results to conclude that treatments caused differences in responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using information from a sample to draw conclusions about a larger population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process where individuals are informed about a study's nature and risks and give written consent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A body that monitors and approves planned studies to protect participant safety and well-being.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When treatments, subjects, or environment are not realistic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A numerical estimate of how far the sample result is likely to be from the true population value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mistakes made in sampling that lead to inaccurate population information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A study that uses a plan to choose a sample representing a specific population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Groups of similar individuals in a population.</p> Signup and view all the answers