Statistical Association and Research Designs
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Questions and Answers

What is the first step in conducting research?

  • Developing hypotheses
  • Collecting data
  • Specifying the problem or issue to be studied (correct)
  • Selecting the research design
  • What is the goal of I/O psychology as an applied science?

  • To develop hypotheses
  • To describe, explain, and predict phenomena
  • To control or alter behavior to obtain desired outcomes (correct)
  • To analyze data using statistical analysis
  • What refers to the selection of research participants from a population so that each individual has an equal probability of being chosen?

  • Experimental design
  • Random sampling (correct)
  • Stratified sampling
  • Random assignment
  • What is the variable that is manipulated by the researcher in an experimental design?

    <p>Independent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of research design involves comparison of preexisting groups, where random assignment of participants to groups is not possible?

    <p>Quasi-experiment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final step of the research process, where the researcher draws conclusions about the meaning of the findings and their relevance to actual work behavior?

    <p>Interpretation of the results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of social scientific research methods in the context of determining the characteristics of a successful work group manager?

    <p>Systematic collection and analysis of data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of determining the characteristics of a successful work group manager, what does social scientific research methodology enable an I/O psychologist to do?

    <p>Predict when certain behavior will occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of measuring the characteristics of a successful work group manager according to social scientific research methods?

    <p>Making a clear distinction between unsuccessful and successful managers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a suggested method for determining the characteristics of a successful work group manager according to the text?

    <p>Relying on personal observations of managers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of using social scientific research methods in determining the characteristics of a successful work group manager?

    <p>To isolate specific characteristics related to success</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes scientific research methods from hunches and beliefs in determining the characteristics of a successful work group manager?

    <p>Systematic collection and analysis of data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which descriptive statistical technique presents data in a useful format, arranging the scores by category?

    <p>Frequency Distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the range represent in statistics?

    <p>The distance between the highest and lowest score</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In statistics, which measure of central tendency is most useful in skewed distributions?

    <p>Median</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a normal distribution in statistics look like?

    <p>Bell-shaped with most scores falling toward the middle with few at high and low extremes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of inferential statistics in data analysis?

    <p>To express relationships in terms of probabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What statistical test is used for comparing the means of two groups?

    <p>T-test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the interaction effect refer to in statistics?

    <p>When the effect of one independent variable on the dependent variable differs depending on the level of the second independent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of observing two variables and measuring their statistical association with each other?

    <p>Easier implementation in workplace settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the disadvantage of observing two variables and measuring their statistical association with each other?

    <p>Inability to draw cause-effect relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What research design technique allows for the combination and analysis of results from several different research studies on the same topic?

    <p>Meta-analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does effect size measure in the context of meta-analysis?

    <p>Magnitude of the relationship between variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of measurement relies on research participants' reports of their own behaviors or attitudes?

    <p>Interview</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main ethical principle related to research participant rights in I/O psychology?

    <p>Informed Consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Social scientific research methods rely on hunches and beliefs in determining the characteristics of a successful work group manager.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The goal of I/O psychology as an applied science is to investigate the HOWs and WHYs of human behavior.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One of the suggested methods for determining the characteristics of a successful work group manager is to rely solely on conflicting answers from others.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first step in conducting research is to specify the problem or issue to be studied.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quasi-experiments involve random assignment of participants to groups where comparison of preexisting groups is not possible.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The experimental design allows for a high degree of control over the research setting to determine cause-and-effect relationships among variables.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Observation is a measurement method that relies on research participants' reports of their own behaviors or attitudes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Meta-analysis is a technique that allows results from several different research studies to be combined & analyzed, but it requires at least 10 studies to be effective.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reliability refers to the consistency of the measure, while validity refers to the extent to which a measure assesses what it claims to measure.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The range represents the average distance from the mean in statistics.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a skewed distribution, the median is the most useful measure of central tendency because it is less affected by extreme scores.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The normal distribution of IQ is asymmetrical with more scores falling closer to high or low extremes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inferential statistics express relationships in terms of certainties rather than probabilities.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A t-test is a statistical test used for comparing the means of three or more groups.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multiple regression examines data from multiple groups with multiple dependent variables.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

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