40 Questions
What is the first step in conducting research?
Specifying the problem or issue to be studied
What is the goal of I/O psychology as an applied science?
To control or alter behavior to obtain desired outcomes
What refers to the selection of research participants from a population so that each individual has an equal probability of being chosen?
Random sampling
What is the variable that is manipulated by the researcher in an experimental design?
Independent variable
What type of research design involves comparison of preexisting groups, where random assignment of participants to groups is not possible?
Quasi-experiment
What is the final step of the research process, where the researcher draws conclusions about the meaning of the findings and their relevance to actual work behavior?
Interpretation of the results
What is the main focus of social scientific research methods in the context of determining the characteristics of a successful work group manager?
Systematic collection and analysis of data
In the context of determining the characteristics of a successful work group manager, what does social scientific research methodology enable an I/O psychologist to do?
Predict when certain behavior will occur
What is a key aspect of measuring the characteristics of a successful work group manager according to social scientific research methods?
Making a clear distinction between unsuccessful and successful managers
What is NOT a suggested method for determining the characteristics of a successful work group manager according to the text?
Relying on personal observations of managers
What is the primary objective of using social scientific research methods in determining the characteristics of a successful work group manager?
To isolate specific characteristics related to success
What distinguishes scientific research methods from hunches and beliefs in determining the characteristics of a successful work group manager?
Systematic collection and analysis of data
Which descriptive statistical technique presents data in a useful format, arranging the scores by category?
Frequency Distribution
What does the range represent in statistics?
The distance between the highest and lowest score
In statistics, which measure of central tendency is most useful in skewed distributions?
Median
What does a normal distribution in statistics look like?
Bell-shaped with most scores falling toward the middle with few at high and low extremes
What is the purpose of inferential statistics in data analysis?
To express relationships in terms of probabilities
What statistical test is used for comparing the means of two groups?
T-test
What does the interaction effect refer to in statistics?
When the effect of one independent variable on the dependent variable differs depending on the level of the second independent variable
What is the main advantage of observing two variables and measuring their statistical association with each other?
Easier implementation in workplace settings
What is the disadvantage of observing two variables and measuring their statistical association with each other?
Inability to draw cause-effect relationships
What research design technique allows for the combination and analysis of results from several different research studies on the same topic?
Meta-analysis
What does effect size measure in the context of meta-analysis?
Magnitude of the relationship between variables
Which method of measurement relies on research participants' reports of their own behaviors or attitudes?
Interview
What is the main ethical principle related to research participant rights in I/O psychology?
Informed Consent
Social scientific research methods rely on hunches and beliefs in determining the characteristics of a successful work group manager.
False
The goal of I/O psychology as an applied science is to investigate the HOWs and WHYs of human behavior.
True
One of the suggested methods for determining the characteristics of a successful work group manager is to rely solely on conflicting answers from others.
False
The first step in conducting research is to specify the problem or issue to be studied.
True
Quasi-experiments involve random assignment of participants to groups where comparison of preexisting groups is not possible.
False
The experimental design allows for a high degree of control over the research setting to determine cause-and-effect relationships among variables.
True
Observation is a measurement method that relies on research participants' reports of their own behaviors or attitudes.
False
Meta-analysis is a technique that allows results from several different research studies to be combined & analyzed, but it requires at least 10 studies to be effective.
False
Reliability refers to the consistency of the measure, while validity refers to the extent to which a measure assesses what it claims to measure.
True
The range represents the average distance from the mean in statistics.
False
In a skewed distribution, the median is the most useful measure of central tendency because it is less affected by extreme scores.
True
The normal distribution of IQ is asymmetrical with more scores falling closer to high or low extremes.
False
Inferential statistics express relationships in terms of certainties rather than probabilities.
False
A t-test is a statistical test used for comparing the means of three or more groups.
False
Multiple regression examines data from multiple groups with multiple dependent variables.
False
Explore the concept of statistical association between variables and the major research designs used in research. Understand the advantages and disadvantages of observing variables without manipulation in a specific setting, such as the workplace.
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