Static Website with Docker

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of using Docker containers, as outlined in the document?

To avoid orchestration of several services.
To complicate the distribution of web applications.
To create complex web applications with multiple services.
To easily encapsulate web applications for simplified distribution and management. (correct)

In the Dockerfile example for the static website with Nginx, what is the purpose of the `COPY` instruction?

To define the port on which the Nginx server will listen.
To install Nginx web server into the container.
To specify the base image for the Docker container.
To copy the website files to the directory served by Nginx. (correct)

What does the `-p` flag do in the `docker run` command shown in the examples?

It maps a port on the host to a port in the container. (correct)
It exposes a port for incoming traffic.
It specifies the name of the container.
It runs the container in detached mode.

If you want to change the location where Apache serves website files from within a Docker container, what part of the Dockerfile would you modify?

The <code>COPY</code> instruction. (B)

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For a Python web server in a Docker container, which command is used to specify the starting directory for subsequent commands?

WORKDIR (B)

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In the Python Dockerfile example, what is the purpose of using the `CMD` instruction with a list of arguments?

To pass arguments to the Python web server module. (D)

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When using `json-server` with Node.js in a Docker container, what is the purpose of the `--watch` flag in the `CMD` instruction?

To monitor the JSON database file for changes. (D)

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What series of commands are used to build, run, and view the logs of a Docker container named `musica`?

<code>docker build</code>, <code>docker run</code>, <code>docker logs</code> (C)

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In the scenario of using `express` with `json-server`, what does the `json-server` provide?

The API to serve data from a JSON file. (B)

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When creating a Dockerfile for the `json-server`, which command is used to install the dependencies listed in `package.json`?

RUN npm install (D)

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What is the primary function of a `docker-compose.yml` file in the context of multi-service applications?

To orchestrate and manage multiple Docker containers as a single application. (A)

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In a `docker-compose.yml` file, what does the `depends_on` instruction achieve?

It ensures that one service starts only after another service has started. (B)

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If you want one container to be accessible from other containers using a specific name within the internal Docker network, what setting do you configure in the `docker-compose.yml` file?

links (A)

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When defining a multi-service application with Node.js and MongoDB using Docker Compose, which component typically requires you to manually create a Dockerfile, rather than using an existing image?

Node.js application service. (C)

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When is it necessary to use Docker Compose instead of a single Dockerfile?

When the application requires multiple interconnected services (B)

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In a `docker-compose.yml` file, what happens if the network is not specified?

Docker creates a default network. (A)

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What is the benefit of omitting the port specification for the MongoDB service in a Docker Compose file?

It enhances security by preventing external access to the MongoDB service. (D)

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In the provided examples, what Docker command is used to create a Docker image?

docker build (B)

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What does the `EXPOSE` instruction do in a Dockerfile when creating a container?

It documents the port the container will listen on (D)

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If you are running multiple interconnected microservices, what are the benefits of using Docker Compose?

Services can easily be scaled and reconfigured through single CLI commands. (A)

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Flashcards

Docker Containers

A way to encapsulate web applications to ease distribution and management.

Dockerfile

A file containing instructions to automate the creation of a Docker image. It specifies the base image, commands to install software, copy files, and more.

FROM Instruction

Defines the base image to use for the Docker container.

COPY Instruction

Copies files from your local machine into the Docker image.

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EXPOSE Instruction

Specifies the internal port the web server listens on.

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CMD Instruction

Defines the default command to run when the Docker container starts.

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WORKDIR Instruction

Allows you to define the working directory inside the Docker container.

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Json-server

A utility that can quickly create a mock JSON API from a JSON file.

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Docker Compose

A tool for defining and running multi-container Docker applications.

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Depends_on

Defines the order in which services should start.

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Study Notes

Docker containers encapsulate web applications for easy distribution and management.
The tutorial progresses from simple static websites to complex orchestrated applications.

Bullarium Bracarensis Static Website with Docker

A static website using HTML and CSS was encapsulated in a Docker container to be served over HTTP.
The Docker image for this setup includes the HTML pages, CSS stylesheets, and a web server.
Any web server can be used, but their configurations may differ.
Nginx was used for the first version.

Dockerfile for Static Website + Nginx

FROM nginx: Specifies the base image as nginx.
COPY . /usr/share/nginx/html: Copies the website files to the directory where nginx serves content.
To run the container, the web server responds on internal port 80.
Map the internal port to an external port, for example, 2804.

Running the Docker Container

Command to run the Docker container: docker run -d -p 2804:80 --name bb engweb2024/bb

Static Website + Apache

To create a container with Apache, only the base image and website directory need to be altered.

Dockerfile for Static Website + Apache

FROM httpd:latest: Sets the base image to the latest httpd (Apache) image.
COPY . /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/: Copies the website files to Apache's document root.
Apache also responds on internal port 80.

Running the Apache Container

Command is similar to the nginx version: docker run -d -p 2804:80 --name bb engweb2024/bb_apache

Examining Container Logs

Logs can be examined after website interactions.
Example log entries show HTTP requests and server responses.

Static Website + Python

More configuration is required for a Python container.

Dockerfile for Static Website + Python

FROM python: Specifies the base image as Python.
WORKDIR /usr/src/app: Sets the working directory inside the container.
COPY . .: Copies the website files to the working directory.
CMD ["python", "-m", "http.server", "80"]: Starts a simple HTTP server using Python.
WORKDIR specifies the default directory for subsequent commands.
The Python web server is a module that needs execution with arguments.
The CMD specifies a list of arguments as strings.
The Python web server is configured to respond on internal port 80.

Running the Python Container

Sample commands to build and run the image:
docker build . -t engweb2024/bb_python
docker run -d -p 2804:80 --name bb engweb2024/bb_python

Applications with Node.js

Examples of web applications developed with Node.js are presented with increasing complexity.

Node.js: Hello World

A simple web application that responds with a text message.

Web Service Code

Includes code to set up a simple HTTP server using Node.js
The server listens on port 7777.

Dockerfile for the Node.js Web Service

FROM node: Uses the Node.js image as the base.
WORKDIR /app: Sets the working directory.
COPY server1.js .: Copies the application files.
EXPOSE 7777: Exposes the port the server will run on.
CMD ["node", "server1.js"]: Starts the Node.js application.

Node.js: json-server

A utility for creating APIs, enabling quick demonstration and testing.
It is developed in Node.js and expects a database in JSON format following a structure.

Example JSON Database

Shows a JSON database structure for a music school, including students, courses, and instruments.

Dockerfile for json-server

FROM node: Uses Node.js as the base image.
WORKDIR /app: Sets the working directory.
COPY db.json .: Copies the JSON database file.
RUN npm install json-server -g: Installs json-server globally.
EXPOSE 3000: Exposes port 3000.
CMD ["json-server", "--watch", "db.json", "--port", "3000", "--host", "0.0.0.0"]: Starts the json-server with specified options.

Running json-server

Commands to build, run and view the container logs are given

Orchestrating Multiple Services with Docker Compose

Isolate an application into two services:
- An API for student data
- A service consuming the API and serving HTML pages
The json-server is specified to feed the API.
Orchestration combines this API with the application

Dockerfile for json-server

FROM node
WORKDIR /app
COPY alunos.json .
RUN npm install json-server -g
EXPOSE 3000
CMD ["json-server", "--watch", "alunos.json", "--port", "3000", "--host", "0.0.0.0"]

Dockerfile for the Application

Uses the gAlunosExpress folder to build an image
FROM node
WORKDIR /usr/src/app
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm install
COPY . .
EXPOSE 1103
CMD [ "npm", "start" ]

Building Service Images

Two Dockerfiles were used to construct two service images:
- docker build . -t engweb2024/jserver_alunos
- docker build . -t engweb2024/galunos --no-cache

Docker Compose

Creates a dependence that the interface only starts when the data API is available

Docker Compose Configuration

Specifies version 2 of the compose file format.
Defines two services: web and jserver.
web service configuration includes:
- container_name: galunos-interface
- image: engweb2024/galunos
- ports: Maps host port 2804 to container port 1103
- depends_on: Specifies dependency on the jserver service
- links: Links to the jserver service
jserver service configuration includes:
- container_name: json-server
- image: engweb2024/jserver_alunos

Running Services with Docker Compose

Command to start the services: docker-compose up -d
The application responds on port 2804.
json-server is available internally as jserver instead of localhost.
Service dependency ensures the interface starts after the data API is available.

Stopping Services

Command to stop the services: docker-compose down

Node.js with MongoDB

Setting up the application

Uses a Node.js application with data persistence in MongoDB.
Requires a MongoDB server.
A Dockerfile spec is not sufficient for this type of environment
The approach requires a Docker Compose
For Node:
- Use the last image available on the Docker Hub

Dockerfile for the Node.js application

FROM node
WORKDIR /usr/src/app
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm install
COPY . .
EXPOSE 2204
CMD [ "npm", "start" ]

Docker Compose configuration for Node.js and MongoDB

Uses version 2 of the compose file format.
Defines two services: web and mongo.
web service configuration includes:
- container_name: gentregas-api
- image: engweb2024/gentregas
- ports: Maps host port 2804 to container port 2204
- depends_on: Specifies dependency on the mongo service
- links: Links to the mongo service
mongo service configuration includes:
- container_name: mongo-server
- image: mongo

Decisions Made in the Specification

Mapped application port 2204 to host port 2804.
MongoDB is not exposed externally for security.
Container dependency ensures the application starts after MongoDB is available, avoiding connection errors.
Service orchestration requires an internal virtual network, created by default if not specified.

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Static Website with Docker

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Podcast

Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of using Docker containers, as outlined in the document?

In the Dockerfile example for the static website with Nginx, what is the purpose of the COPY instruction?

What does the -p flag do in the docker run command shown in the examples?

If you want to change the location where Apache serves website files from within a Docker container, what part of the Dockerfile would you modify?

For a Python web server in a Docker container, which command is used to specify the starting directory for subsequent commands?

In the Python Dockerfile example, what is the purpose of using the CMD instruction with a list of arguments?

When using json-server with Node.js in a Docker container, what is the purpose of the --watch flag in the CMD instruction?

What series of commands are used to build, run, and view the logs of a Docker container named musica?

In the scenario of using express with json-server, what does the json-server provide?

When creating a Dockerfile for the json-server, which command is used to install the dependencies listed in package.json?

What is the primary function of a docker-compose.yml file in the context of multi-service applications?

In a docker-compose.yml file, what does the depends_on instruction achieve?

If you want one container to be accessible from other containers using a specific name within the internal Docker network, what setting do you configure in the docker-compose.yml file?

When defining a multi-service application with Node.js and MongoDB using Docker Compose, which component typically requires you to manually create a Dockerfile, rather than using an existing image?

When is it necessary to use Docker Compose instead of a single Dockerfile?

In a docker-compose.yml file, what happens if the network is not specified?

What is the benefit of omitting the port specification for the MongoDB service in a Docker Compose file?

In the provided examples, what Docker command is used to create a Docker image?

What does the EXPOSE instruction do in a Dockerfile when creating a container?

If you are running multiple interconnected microservices, what are the benefits of using Docker Compose?

Flashcards

Docker Containers

Dockerfile

FROM Instruction

COPY Instruction

EXPOSE Instruction

CMD Instruction

WORKDIR Instruction

Json-server

Docker Compose

Depends_on

Study Notes

Bullarium Bracarensis Static Website with Docker

Dockerfile for Static Website + Nginx

Running the Docker Container

Static Website + Apache

Dockerfile for Static Website + Apache

Running the Apache Container

Examining Container Logs

Static Website + Python

Dockerfile for Static Website + Python

Running the Python Container

Applications with Node.js

Node.js: Hello World

Web Service Code

Dockerfile for the Node.js Web Service

Node.js: json-server

Example JSON Database

Dockerfile for json-server

Running json-server

Orchestrating Multiple Services with Docker Compose

Dockerfile for json-server

Dockerfile for the Application

Building Service Images

Docker Compose

Docker Compose Configuration

Running Services with Docker Compose

Stopping Services

Node.js with MongoDB

Setting up the application

Dockerfile for the Node.js application

Docker Compose configuration for Node.js and MongoDB

Decisions Made in the Specification

Studying That Suits You

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In the Dockerfile example for the static website with Nginx, what is the purpose of the `COPY` instruction?

What does the `-p` flag do in the `docker run` command shown in the examples?

In the Python Dockerfile example, what is the purpose of using the `CMD` instruction with a list of arguments?

When using `json-server` with Node.js in a Docker container, what is the purpose of the `--watch` flag in the `CMD` instruction?

What series of commands are used to build, run, and view the logs of a Docker container named `musica`?

In the scenario of using `express` with `json-server`, what does the `json-server` provide?

When creating a Dockerfile for the `json-server`, which command is used to install the dependencies listed in `package.json`?

What is the primary function of a `docker-compose.yml` file in the context of multi-service applications?

In a `docker-compose.yml` file, what does the `depends_on` instruction achieve?

If you want one container to be accessible from other containers using a specific name within the internal Docker network, what setting do you configure in the `docker-compose.yml` file?

In a `docker-compose.yml` file, what happens if the network is not specified?

What does the `EXPOSE` instruction do in a Dockerfile when creating a container?