Static Force and Translational Equilibrium

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Static Force

• This is a force acting on an object at rest or moving at constant velocity.
• The vector sum of these forces is zero, which means they don't cause acceleration.

Translational Equilibrium

• The primary characteristic is that the sum of forces is zero.
• An object in this state remains at rest or moves with constant velocity.
• It's a condition where the net force and net torque on an object are zero, resulting in no acceleration.
• The sum of all torques is zero, preventing any rotational acceleration.

Stability

• Lowering the center of gravity (CoG) increases the stability of the human body.

Base of Support (BoS)

• This is the area beneath the body that supports its weight.
• A wider base of support enhances stability.

Line of Gravity

• To maximize stability, the line of gravity should be within the base of support.
• This is an imaginary vertical line extending from the center of gravity.

Core Muscles

• Core muscles stabilize the spine and trunk.
• They serve as a central foundation for balance.

Fulcrum

• In the context of levers, the fulcrum is the fixed point around which the lever rotates, usually a joint.

First-Class Lever

• The fulcrum is located between the effort and the load.
• An example is nodding the neck.
• These levers can increase force or speed.

Second-Class Lever

• Load is between fulcrum and effort.
• It increases force but sacrifices speed and range of motion.
• An example is standing on tiptoe.
• These levers always increase force.

Third-Class Levers

• The effort is positioned between the fulcrum and the load.
• It increases speed and range of motion.
• An example is a bicep curl.

Elasticity

• Elasticity is the ability of a material to deform under stress and return to its original shape after stress is removed.

Young's Modulus

• This parameter quantifies a material's resistance to deformation.

Bionics

• This field of science encompasses medicine, biology, chemistry, tissue engineering, and materials science.

Spring Force

• This relates the force needed to extend or compress a spring to the distance of that extension or compression.

Equilibrium Length

• The equilibrium length is the length of the spring when no external forces are applied.

Spring Deformation

• The deformation of the spring increases as the force applied to a spring increases.

Cross-Sectional Area

• Doubling the cross-sectional area reduces deformation of a material under a constant force.

Stress

• In the context of material deformation, stress represents the force acting per unit area of the material.

Bone Composition

• Collagen primarily determines the tensile strength and flexibility of bone.

Bone Orientation

• This describes the orientation running along the length of a bone.

Bone Elasticity

• Bone mineral exhibits Hookean elastic behavior, with a linear stress-strain relationship.

Hooke's Law

• F = k * x, where F is force, k is the spring constant, and x is the displacement.

Stress

• Ratio of force applied to the cross-sectional area.

Strain

• Amount of deformation relative to the original length.

Axial Force

• When forces applied along the bone's axis.

Bending Force

• When forces are applied testing strength against bending or shear forces.

Lever

• A device used to lift/move a load with an applied force, rotating around a fulcrum.

Effort

• Force applied by muscles to move the lever.

Load

• Weight or resistance that the lever moves.