Static Electricity Principles
42 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What happens to the electrons in a neutral wall when a negatively charged balloon is brought close to it?

  • They stay in their original positions.
  • They become permanently charged.
  • They are repelled away from the balloon. (correct)
  • They are attracted to the balloon.

    • Grounding a pith ball allows it to become permanently negatively charged after induction.

    False

    What kind of charge does the part of the wall closest to a negatively charged balloon acquire?

    Positive charge

    Charging by induction involves the movement of electrons that results in a temporary ________ charge in the object being influenced.

    <p>opposite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following scenarios with their outcomes:

    <p>Negatively charged balloon near neutral wall = Wall develops temporary positive and negative charges Grounding a pith ball after electron repulsion = Pith ball becomes permanently positively charged Dust particle near charged screen = Dust particle develops an opposite charge on the near side Ebonite rod near pith ball = Pith ball becomes temporarily negatively charged on one side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to an object that becomes negatively charged?

    <p>It gains electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What charge do protons carry?

    <p>Positive charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electrons have a neutral charge.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Static electricity occurs when charges on objects are in motion.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of electrons from one object to another?

    <p>transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to an atom when it gains one or more electrons?

    <p>It becomes an anion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a balloon is rubbed against hair, the hair gains an overall __________ charge.

    <p>positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An atom that has lost one or more electrons is called a _____

    <p>cation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following materials can conduct electricity?

    <p>Copper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can an object become positively charged?

    <p>Losing electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following charges with their interactions:

    <p>Like charges = Attract each other Opposite charges = Repel each other Neutral charge = Attract any charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the particles with their charges:

    <p>Proton = Positive charge Electron = Negative charge Neutron = Neutral charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Objects can gain charge through contact with one another.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An insulator allows electrons to move freely.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electrons need a __________ in order to move.

    <p>path</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An atom with an equal number of protons and electrons is considered _____

    <p>neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What creates a lightning strike?

    <p>The discharge of excess electrons from a cloud to the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lightning rods are designed to attract lightning to buildings.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a lightning rod?

    <p>To direct the flow of electrons safely into the ground.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The rapid expansion of air caused by a lightning discharge creates the sound of ______.

    <p>thunder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Induction = Temporary charge build-up due to electron repulsion Lightning = A discharge of excess electrons from a cloud Conductors = Materials that allow electricity to flow easily Insulators = Materials that resist the flow of electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods is NOT a way to charge an object by contact?

    <p>Charging by induction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a positively charged object comes into contact with a neutral object, the neutral object loses electrons.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a piece of paper when rabbit fur is rubbed on it?

    <p>The paper becomes negatively charged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When two objects come into contact, one will gain electrons and become _______ charged, while the other will lose electrons and become _______ charged.

    <p>negatively, positively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the materials with their tendency to gain electrons:

    <p>Paper = Low tendency to gain electrons Rabbit fur = High tendency to gain electrons Amber = Medium tendency to gain electrons Plastic = Very high tendency to gain electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason some materials attract electrons better than others?

    <p>Their atomic structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thales of Miletus was the first to observe that amber could attract lightweight objects after being rubbed with fur.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one common method of charging by contact.

    <p>Charging by friction or charging by conduction/contact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the negative charge to transfer when two objects touch?

    <p>Negative electrons repel each other and spread out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Grounding involves transferring excess electrons from a charged object to the Earth.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What remains constant in the process of charge transfer between two objects?

    <p>The total negative charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a negatively charged object is grounded, electrons travel from the object into the ______.

    <p>ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of charge transfer process with its description.

    <p>Grounding = Removes excess charge by transferring electrons to the ground Charging by induction = Causes temporary charge without direct contact Charging by friction = Involves rubbing materials together to build up charge Conduction = Direct charge transfer through contact between objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a negatively charged object is removed, what will the remaining object be like?

    <p>It will have a lesser negative charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electrostatic dusters work by using positive charges to attract dust.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a positively charged object when it is grounded?

    <p>Electrons from the ground travel up to the object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Static Electricity

    • Static electricity is the study of stationary electric charges
    • Matter is made up of atoms
    • Atoms are composed of subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, electrons)
    • Protons have a positive charge
    • Electrons have a negative charge
    • Neutrons have a neutral charge
    • Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus
    • Electrons orbit the nucleus
    • Electrons can move from one atom to another
    • An atom that gains/loses electrons becomes an ion
    • An atom that gains electrons is called an anion
    • An atom that loses electrons is called a cation
    • Objects are made up of billions of atoms
    • It is impossible to represent each atom's charge, so overall charge is represented with + or - symbols
    • A "+" represents atoms with positive charges
    • A "-" represents atoms with negative charges
    • An object with equal amounts of + and - charges is neutral
    • Objects can become charged when they lose or gain electrons
    • This happens when two objects come into contact with each other
    • Electrons transfer from one object to another
    • When one object has more electrons than protons, it has an overall negative charge
    • When one object has less electrons than protons, it has an overall positive charge
    • Static electricity is when charges are stationary on the surface of an object
    • Charges build up within objects, and if the object is an insulator, charges remain there
    • Neutralizing the object involves transferring the electrons to a conductor to allow charges to leave
    • Electrons need a path (conductor) to move. (Solid, liquid, or gas)
    • Examples of conductors include copper, metal, water, and air
    • Examples of insulators include rubber, glass, oil, diamond, and dry wood
    • Opposite charges attract, while like charges repel

    Law of Electric Charges

    • Like charges repel each other
    • Opposite charges attract each other
    • Any charge attracts a neutral charge

    Charging by Friction

    • Occurs when two different neutral materials are rubbed together
    • Electrons are transferred from one material to another
    • One material attracts electrons and becomes negatively charged
    • The other material loses electrons and becomes positively charged

    The Electrostatic Series

    • A list of materials ordered by their tendency to gain electrons
    • Materials lower on the list are more likely to gain electrons
    • This chart is useful for predicting the charge of objects when rubbed together

    Charging by Conduction

    • Occurs when two objects with different charges come into contact
    • Electrons move from the object with more electrons to the object with fewer electrons
    • Both objects end up with the same charge

    Charging by Induction

    • A charged object is brought close to a neutral object
    • Electrons in the neutral object are either repelled or attracted
    • This creates a temporary charge on the neutral object
    • If the neutral object is grounded, the temporary charge becomes permanent

    Grounding

    • Removing an excess electric charge by transferring electrons to a large neutral object (e.g., the Earth)
    • Positively charged objects gain electrons from the ground.
    • Negatively charged objects lose electrons to the ground.

    Lightning

    • Caused by the buildup of static charges in clouds
    • Negative charges build at the base of the cloud
    • Positive charges build at the top of the cloud
    • Strong attraction between negative and positive charges cause a huge electrical discharge (lightning)
    • The discharge (lightning) causes the surrounding air to quickly expand creating the sound of thunder
    • Lightning rods direct the flow of electrons away from buildings, preventing fires

    Lightning Safety

    • Avoid being the tallest object in an area.
    • Seek shelter (closed cars, grounded buildings) during lightning storms

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Static Electricity Notes PDF

    Description

    Explore the fundamentals of static electricity in this quiz. Understand the nature of electric charges, atomic structure, and how charge interactions occur. Test your knowledge on ions, protons, neutrons, and electrons in various contexts.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser