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What happens to the electrons in a neutral wall when a negatively charged balloon is brought close to it?
What happens to the electrons in a neutral wall when a negatively charged balloon is brought close to it?
Grounding a pith ball allows it to become permanently negatively charged after induction.
Grounding a pith ball allows it to become permanently negatively charged after induction.
False
What kind of charge does the part of the wall closest to a negatively charged balloon acquire?
What kind of charge does the part of the wall closest to a negatively charged balloon acquire?
Positive charge
Charging by induction involves the movement of electrons that results in a temporary ________ charge in the object being influenced.
Charging by induction involves the movement of electrons that results in a temporary ________ charge in the object being influenced.
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Match the following scenarios with their outcomes:
Match the following scenarios with their outcomes:
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What happens to an object that becomes negatively charged?
What happens to an object that becomes negatively charged?
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What charge do protons carry?
What charge do protons carry?
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Electrons have a neutral charge.
Electrons have a neutral charge.
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Static electricity occurs when charges on objects are in motion.
Static electricity occurs when charges on objects are in motion.
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What is the term for the movement of electrons from one object to another?
What is the term for the movement of electrons from one object to another?
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What happens to an atom when it gains one or more electrons?
What happens to an atom when it gains one or more electrons?
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When a balloon is rubbed against hair, the hair gains an overall __________ charge.
When a balloon is rubbed against hair, the hair gains an overall __________ charge.
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An atom that has lost one or more electrons is called a _____
An atom that has lost one or more electrons is called a _____
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Which of the following materials can conduct electricity?
Which of the following materials can conduct electricity?
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How can an object become positively charged?
How can an object become positively charged?
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Match the following charges with their interactions:
Match the following charges with their interactions:
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Match the particles with their charges:
Match the particles with their charges:
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Objects can gain charge through contact with one another.
Objects can gain charge through contact with one another.
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An insulator allows electrons to move freely.
An insulator allows electrons to move freely.
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Electrons need a __________ in order to move.
Electrons need a __________ in order to move.
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An atom with an equal number of protons and electrons is considered _____
An atom with an equal number of protons and electrons is considered _____
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What creates a lightning strike?
What creates a lightning strike?
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Lightning rods are designed to attract lightning to buildings.
Lightning rods are designed to attract lightning to buildings.
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What is the primary purpose of a lightning rod?
What is the primary purpose of a lightning rod?
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The rapid expansion of air caused by a lightning discharge creates the sound of ______.
The rapid expansion of air caused by a lightning discharge creates the sound of ______.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Which of the following methods is NOT a way to charge an object by contact?
Which of the following methods is NOT a way to charge an object by contact?
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When a positively charged object comes into contact with a neutral object, the neutral object loses electrons.
When a positively charged object comes into contact with a neutral object, the neutral object loses electrons.
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What happens to a piece of paper when rabbit fur is rubbed on it?
What happens to a piece of paper when rabbit fur is rubbed on it?
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When two objects come into contact, one will gain electrons and become _______ charged, while the other will lose electrons and become _______ charged.
When two objects come into contact, one will gain electrons and become _______ charged, while the other will lose electrons and become _______ charged.
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Match the materials with their tendency to gain electrons:
Match the materials with their tendency to gain electrons:
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What is the primary reason some materials attract electrons better than others?
What is the primary reason some materials attract electrons better than others?
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Thales of Miletus was the first to observe that amber could attract lightweight objects after being rubbed with fur.
Thales of Miletus was the first to observe that amber could attract lightweight objects after being rubbed with fur.
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Name one common method of charging by contact.
Name one common method of charging by contact.
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What causes the negative charge to transfer when two objects touch?
What causes the negative charge to transfer when two objects touch?
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Grounding involves transferring excess electrons from a charged object to the Earth.
Grounding involves transferring excess electrons from a charged object to the Earth.
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What remains constant in the process of charge transfer between two objects?
What remains constant in the process of charge transfer between two objects?
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When a negatively charged object is grounded, electrons travel from the object into the ______.
When a negatively charged object is grounded, electrons travel from the object into the ______.
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Match the type of charge transfer process with its description.
Match the type of charge transfer process with its description.
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If a negatively charged object is removed, what will the remaining object be like?
If a negatively charged object is removed, what will the remaining object be like?
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Electrostatic dusters work by using positive charges to attract dust.
Electrostatic dusters work by using positive charges to attract dust.
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What happens to a positively charged object when it is grounded?
What happens to a positively charged object when it is grounded?
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Study Notes
Static Electricity
- Static electricity is the study of stationary electric charges
- Matter is made up of atoms
- Atoms are composed of subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, electrons)
- Protons have a positive charge
- Electrons have a negative charge
- Neutrons have a neutral charge
- Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus
- Electrons orbit the nucleus
- Electrons can move from one atom to another
- An atom that gains/loses electrons becomes an ion
- An atom that gains electrons is called an anion
- An atom that loses electrons is called a cation
- Objects are made up of billions of atoms
- It is impossible to represent each atom's charge, so overall charge is represented with + or - symbols
- A "+" represents atoms with positive charges
- A "-" represents atoms with negative charges
- An object with equal amounts of + and - charges is neutral
- Objects can become charged when they lose or gain electrons
- This happens when two objects come into contact with each other
- Electrons transfer from one object to another
- When one object has more electrons than protons, it has an overall negative charge
- When one object has less electrons than protons, it has an overall positive charge
- Static electricity is when charges are stationary on the surface of an object
- Charges build up within objects, and if the object is an insulator, charges remain there
- Neutralizing the object involves transferring the electrons to a conductor to allow charges to leave
- Electrons need a path (conductor) to move. (Solid, liquid, or gas)
- Examples of conductors include copper, metal, water, and air
- Examples of insulators include rubber, glass, oil, diamond, and dry wood
- Opposite charges attract, while like charges repel
Law of Electric Charges
- Like charges repel each other
- Opposite charges attract each other
- Any charge attracts a neutral charge
Charging by Friction
- Occurs when two different neutral materials are rubbed together
- Electrons are transferred from one material to another
- One material attracts electrons and becomes negatively charged
- The other material loses electrons and becomes positively charged
The Electrostatic Series
- A list of materials ordered by their tendency to gain electrons
- Materials lower on the list are more likely to gain electrons
- This chart is useful for predicting the charge of objects when rubbed together
Charging by Conduction
- Occurs when two objects with different charges come into contact
- Electrons move from the object with more electrons to the object with fewer electrons
- Both objects end up with the same charge
Charging by Induction
- A charged object is brought close to a neutral object
- Electrons in the neutral object are either repelled or attracted
- This creates a temporary charge on the neutral object
- If the neutral object is grounded, the temporary charge becomes permanent
Grounding
- Removing an excess electric charge by transferring electrons to a large neutral object (e.g., the Earth)
- Positively charged objects gain electrons from the ground.
- Negatively charged objects lose electrons to the ground.
Lightning
- Caused by the buildup of static charges in clouds
- Negative charges build at the base of the cloud
- Positive charges build at the top of the cloud
- Strong attraction between negative and positive charges cause a huge electrical discharge (lightning)
- The discharge (lightning) causes the surrounding air to quickly expand creating the sound of thunder
- Lightning rods direct the flow of electrons away from buildings, preventing fires
Lightning Safety
- Avoid being the tallest object in an area.
- Seek shelter (closed cars, grounded buildings) during lightning storms
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of static electricity in this quiz. Understand the nature of electric charges, atomic structure, and how charge interactions occur. Test your knowledge on ions, protons, neutrons, and electrons in various contexts.
