Static Electricity Principles
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Questions and Answers

What happens to the electrons in a neutral wall when a negatively charged balloon is brought close to it?

  • They stay in their original positions.
  • They become permanently charged.
  • They are repelled away from the balloon. (correct)
  • They are attracted to the balloon.

Grounding a pith ball allows it to become permanently negatively charged after induction.

False (B)

What kind of charge does the part of the wall closest to a negatively charged balloon acquire?

Positive charge

Charging by induction involves the movement of electrons that results in a temporary ________ charge in the object being influenced.

<p>opposite</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following scenarios with their outcomes:

<p>Negatively charged balloon near neutral wall = Wall develops temporary positive and negative charges Grounding a pith ball after electron repulsion = Pith ball becomes permanently positively charged Dust particle near charged screen = Dust particle develops an opposite charge on the near side Ebonite rod near pith ball = Pith ball becomes temporarily negatively charged on one side</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an object that becomes negatively charged?

<p>It gains electrons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What charge do protons carry?

<p>Positive charge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Electrons have a neutral charge.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Static electricity occurs when charges on objects are in motion.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of electrons from one object to another?

<p>transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an atom when it gains one or more electrons?

<p>It becomes an anion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a balloon is rubbed against hair, the hair gains an overall __________ charge.

<p>positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

An atom that has lost one or more electrons is called a _____

<p>cation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following materials can conduct electricity?

<p>Copper (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can an object become positively charged?

<p>Losing electrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following charges with their interactions:

<p>Like charges = Attract each other Opposite charges = Repel each other Neutral charge = Attract any charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the particles with their charges:

<p>Proton = Positive charge Electron = Negative charge Neutron = Neutral charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

Objects can gain charge through contact with one another.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An insulator allows electrons to move freely.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Electrons need a __________ in order to move.

<p>path</p> Signup and view all the answers

An atom with an equal number of protons and electrons is considered _____

<p>neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

What creates a lightning strike?

<p>The discharge of excess electrons from a cloud to the ground (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lightning rods are designed to attract lightning to buildings.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a lightning rod?

<p>To direct the flow of electrons safely into the ground.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The rapid expansion of air caused by a lightning discharge creates the sound of ______.

<p>thunder</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Induction = Temporary charge build-up due to electron repulsion Lightning = A discharge of excess electrons from a cloud Conductors = Materials that allow electricity to flow easily Insulators = Materials that resist the flow of electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods is NOT a way to charge an object by contact?

<p>Charging by induction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a positively charged object comes into contact with a neutral object, the neutral object loses electrons.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a piece of paper when rabbit fur is rubbed on it?

<p>The paper becomes negatively charged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When two objects come into contact, one will gain electrons and become _______ charged, while the other will lose electrons and become _______ charged.

<p>negatively, positively</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the materials with their tendency to gain electrons:

<p>Paper = Low tendency to gain electrons Rabbit fur = High tendency to gain electrons Amber = Medium tendency to gain electrons Plastic = Very high tendency to gain electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason some materials attract electrons better than others?

<p>Their atomic structure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thales of Miletus was the first to observe that amber could attract lightweight objects after being rubbed with fur.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one common method of charging by contact.

<p>Charging by friction or charging by conduction/contact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the negative charge to transfer when two objects touch?

<p>Negative electrons repel each other and spread out. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Grounding involves transferring excess electrons from a charged object to the Earth.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What remains constant in the process of charge transfer between two objects?

<p>The total negative charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a negatively charged object is grounded, electrons travel from the object into the ______.

<p>ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of charge transfer process with its description.

<p>Grounding = Removes excess charge by transferring electrons to the ground Charging by induction = Causes temporary charge without direct contact Charging by friction = Involves rubbing materials together to build up charge Conduction = Direct charge transfer through contact between objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a negatively charged object is removed, what will the remaining object be like?

<p>It will have a lesser negative charge. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Electrostatic dusters work by using positive charges to attract dust.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a positively charged object when it is grounded?

<p>Electrons from the ground travel up to the object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Atomic Structure

All matter is made up of atoms, which are composed of smaller particles called subatomic particles.

Electric Charge

Atoms contain particles with positive, negative, and neutral charges: protons (+), electrons (-), and neutrons (neutral).

Ion

An atom that gains or loses electrons, becoming electrically charged.

Cation

An ion that loses electrons and has a positive charge.

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Anion

An ion that gains electrons and has a negative charge.

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Neutral Charge

An object with an equal number of positive and negative charges, resulting in no overall charge.

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Positive Charge

An object with more positive charges than negative charges.

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Negative Charge

An object with more negative charges than positive charges.

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Static Electricity

The stationary buildup of electric charges on the surface of an object after transferring electrons.

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Transfer of Electrons

When two objects touch, electrons move from one to the other, giving each a net charge.

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Insulator

A material that prevents the flow of electrons.

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Conductor

A material that allows the flow of electrons.

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Neutralizing

Transferring electrons to a conductor so that the object's overall charge becomes zero.

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Charging by Induction

The process of redistributing charges within an object by bringing a charged object nearby, without direct contact.

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Law of Electric Charges: Like Charges

Like electric charges repel each other.

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Law of Electric Charges: Opposite Charges

Opposite electric charges attract each other.

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Temporary Charge

A temporary imbalance of charges within an object due to induction, where the charges return to their original distribution after the inducing object is removed.

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Permanent Charge

A stable imbalance of charges within an object, created by induction and grounding, where the charges remain even after the inducing object is removed.

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Grounding

Connecting an object to the Earth, allowing excess charges to flow away, effectively neutralizing the object.

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Electrical Discharge

The sudden release of accumulated electrical energy, often as a spark or lightning, caused by induction.

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Charging by friction

Two different neutral materials are rubbed together. One material attracts electrons and becomes negatively charged, while the other loses electrons and becomes positively charged.

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Electrostatic Series

A list of materials ordered by their tendency to gain electrons.

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Neutral object

An object with equal numbers of positive and negative charges.

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Electron transfer

Movement of electrons from one object to another during charging.

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Attraction of electrons

Some materials have a greater affinity for electrons than others.

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Cloud Charge Distribution

During cloud formation, water droplets collide and build up static charges. The base of the cloud becomes negatively charged, while the top becomes positively charged.

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Induction

A temporary charge buildup on a conductor due to the proximity of a charged object. For example, a negatively charged cloud induces a positive charge on the ground below it.

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Lightning

The rapid discharge of static electricity from a negatively charged cloud to the positively charged ground, creating a powerful current of electricity.

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Thunder

The loud sound caused by the rapid expansion of air heated by a lightning strike.

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Lightning Rod

A metal pole on a building that safely directs the flow of lightning electricity to the ground, preventing damage.

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Electrostatic Duster

A tool that uses electrostatic attraction to remove dust from surfaces.

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Positive Charge Grounding

Electrons flow from the ground to a positive object until it becomes neutral.

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Negative Charge Grounding

Electrons flow from a negative object to the ground until it becomes neutral.

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Conduction (charging)

The transfer of electric charge through direct contact.

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Study Notes

Static Electricity

  • Static electricity is the study of stationary electric charges
  • Matter is made up of atoms
  • Atoms are composed of subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, electrons)
  • Protons have a positive charge
  • Electrons have a negative charge
  • Neutrons have a neutral charge
  • Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus
  • Electrons orbit the nucleus
  • Electrons can move from one atom to another
  • An atom that gains/loses electrons becomes an ion
  • An atom that gains electrons is called an anion
  • An atom that loses electrons is called a cation
  • Objects are made up of billions of atoms
  • It is impossible to represent each atom's charge, so overall charge is represented with + or - symbols
  • A "+" represents atoms with positive charges
  • A "-" represents atoms with negative charges
  • An object with equal amounts of + and - charges is neutral
  • Objects can become charged when they lose or gain electrons
  • This happens when two objects come into contact with each other
  • Electrons transfer from one object to another
  • When one object has more electrons than protons, it has an overall negative charge
  • When one object has less electrons than protons, it has an overall positive charge
  • Static electricity is when charges are stationary on the surface of an object
  • Charges build up within objects, and if the object is an insulator, charges remain there
  • Neutralizing the object involves transferring the electrons to a conductor to allow charges to leave
  • Electrons need a path (conductor) to move. (Solid, liquid, or gas)
  • Examples of conductors include copper, metal, water, and air
  • Examples of insulators include rubber, glass, oil, diamond, and dry wood
  • Opposite charges attract, while like charges repel

Law of Electric Charges

  • Like charges repel each other
  • Opposite charges attract each other
  • Any charge attracts a neutral charge

Charging by Friction

  • Occurs when two different neutral materials are rubbed together
  • Electrons are transferred from one material to another
  • One material attracts electrons and becomes negatively charged
  • The other material loses electrons and becomes positively charged

The Electrostatic Series

  • A list of materials ordered by their tendency to gain electrons
  • Materials lower on the list are more likely to gain electrons
  • This chart is useful for predicting the charge of objects when rubbed together

Charging by Conduction

  • Occurs when two objects with different charges come into contact
  • Electrons move from the object with more electrons to the object with fewer electrons
  • Both objects end up with the same charge

Charging by Induction

  • A charged object is brought close to a neutral object
  • Electrons in the neutral object are either repelled or attracted
  • This creates a temporary charge on the neutral object
  • If the neutral object is grounded, the temporary charge becomes permanent

Grounding

  • Removing an excess electric charge by transferring electrons to a large neutral object (e.g., the Earth)
  • Positively charged objects gain electrons from the ground.
  • Negatively charged objects lose electrons to the ground.

Lightning

  • Caused by the buildup of static charges in clouds
  • Negative charges build at the base of the cloud
  • Positive charges build at the top of the cloud
  • Strong attraction between negative and positive charges cause a huge electrical discharge (lightning)
  • The discharge (lightning) causes the surrounding air to quickly expand creating the sound of thunder
  • Lightning rods direct the flow of electrons away from buildings, preventing fires

Lightning Safety

  • Avoid being the tallest object in an area.
  • Seek shelter (closed cars, grounded buildings) during lightning storms

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Static Electricity Notes PDF

Description

Explore the fundamentals of static electricity in this quiz. Understand the nature of electric charges, atomic structure, and how charge interactions occur. Test your knowledge on ions, protons, neutrons, and electrons in various contexts.

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