States of Matter: Solids, Liquids, and Gases

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Questions and Answers

A chemist has samples of iron, water, and oxygen. Which of these correctly identifies a property shared by all three samples?

They all have a definite shape.
They all are easily compressible.
They all have mass and occupy space. (correct)
They all have a definite volume.

A student observes that a substance takes the shape of its container but maintains a constant volume. Which state of matter is the student most likely observing?

Solid
Gas
Liquid (correct)
Plasma

A sealed container is filled with a gas. If the volume of the container is decreased, what happens to the density of the gas inside?

The density remains the same.
The change in density depends on the type of gas.
The density decreases.
The density increases. (correct)

Consider a balloon filled with air. Which statement best describes the motion of the air particles inside the balloon?

They move randomly and collide with each other and the walls of the balloon. (C) Signup and view all the answers

A scientist is studying a substance with a very high density and a definite shape. Which arrangement of particles is most likely found in this substance?

Particles are tightly packed in a regular arrangement. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Imagine two rooms, one filled with perfume and the other odorless. Which process explains how the scent of perfume eventually spreads throughout the odorless room?

Diffusion (A) Signup and view all the answers

When a metal rod is heated, its length increases slightly. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

The average distance between particles increases due to increased kinetic energy. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A student is comparing the compressibility of different states of matter. Which of the following is the correct order of states of matter from most to least compressible?

Gas > Liquid > Solid (B) Signup and view all the answers

If you increase the temperature of a liquid, what happens to the strength of the attractive forces between its particles?

The attractive forces decrease. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A material is easily deformed under pressure but returns to its original shape when the pressure is released. Which property does this material exhibit?

Elasticity (A) Signup and view all the answers

A gas is heated in a closed, rigid container. What best explains the resulting increase in pressure within the container?

The gas particles increase in speed, colliding more frequently and forcefully with the container walls. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A damp cloth dries faster on a sunny day compared to a cloudy day. Besides the sun's heat, what other factor significantly contributes to this faster drying process?

Convection currents, which remove water vapor from the cloth's surface, maintaining a concentration gradient. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Dry ice, or solid carbon dioxide, is often used to create a foggy effect. What property of dry ice allows it to create this effect?

Sublimation, where solid carbon dioxide transitions directly into gaseous carbon dioxide. (D) Signup and view all the answers

When a candle burns, the wax melts due to the flame's heat. How does this phase change affect the movement and spacing of wax molecules?

The molecules move farther apart and become less ordered. (B) Signup and view all the answers

When water freezes to form ice, why does the process release energy into the surroundings?

The water molecules release energy as they form intermolecular bonds, resulting in a more stable, lower-energy state. (C) Signup and view all the answers

On a hot day, an ice cream cone melts if not eaten quickly. How does the spacing between the particles in the ice cream change as it melts?

The particles move farther apart as the ice cream becomes more liquid. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Under specific atmospheric conditions, frost forms on surfaces when water vapor changes directly into solid ice. How is this phase transition classified?

Deposition, a phase change from gas to solid. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Water is placed in a freezer and turns into ice. What happens to the average kinetic energy of the water molecules during freezing?

The average kinetic energy of the molecules decreases as they slow down. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A substance is heated, transitioning from solid to liquid and then to gas. How does its potential energy change during these phase transitions?

Potential energy increases as intermolecular forces weaken. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Ice cream feels cold when melting in your mouth because of heat transfer. What describes this process most accurately?

The ice cream absorbs heat from your tongue, causing the sensation of coldness. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Matter

Anything that occupies space and has mass.

States of Matter

Different forms in which matter can exist: solid, liquid, gas.