States of Matter Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What happens to the volume of a gas when pressure is applied?

  • It doubles.
  • It remains constant.
  • It decreases. (correct)
  • It increases.

    • What is the absolute temperature in Kelvin for 0°C?

  • 0 K
  • 100 K
  • 32 K
  • 273 K (correct)

    • What is the pressure in atm if it is 475 mm Hg?

  • 1.00 atm
  • 0.750 atm
  • 1.25 atm
  • 0.625 atm (correct)

    • According to Boyle's Law, what is the relationship between pressure and volume?

    <p>They are inversely related.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pressure is considered standard pressure at sea level in kPa?

    <p>101.325 kPa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What formula represents Boyle's Law?

    <p>P1V1 = P2V2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a tire pressure is measured at 29.4 psi, what would its equivalent in mm Hg be?

    <p>1520 mm Hg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Charles' Law, how does the volume of a gas relate to absolute temperature at constant pressure?

    <p>Volume is directly proportional to temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of particles in a solid?

    <p>Particles are tightly packed in a regular pattern.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which state of matter has a definite shape and volume?

    <p>Solid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is true for gases?

    <p>Gases are highly compressible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the particles in a liquid behave compared to those in a gas?

    <p>They're tightly packed but can move freely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes plasma from other states of matter?

    <p>Plasma consists of charged particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about gases is incorrect?

    <p>Gases will not completely mix in a container.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the particles of a gas when heat is applied?

    <p>They move freely and speed increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of solids compared to liquids?

    <p>Solids have a definite shape and do not flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Charles' Law state about volume and temperature?

    <p>Volume is directly proportional to temperature at constant pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation represents Avogadro's Law?

    <p>V1/n1 = V2/n2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under which conditions does Gay-Lussac's Law apply?

    <p>At constant volume, pressure is directly proportional to temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Combined Gas Law, which variables are interconnected?

    <p>Pressure, volume, temperature, and moles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'R' in the ideal gas law equation (PV = nRT) represent?

    <p>The gas constant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the volume of a gas increases while pressure remains constant, what law describes this behavior?

    <p>Charles' Law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of relationship does Boyle's Law describe?

    <p>Volume and pressure at constant temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is pressure defined in Gay-Lussac's Law?

    <p>Directly proportional to temperature at constant volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume of a gas after a pressure change from 150 kPa to 200 kPa if its initial volume is 100 mL?

    <p>75 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will be the volume of a gas at 94°C if it initially occupies 473 cm³ at 36°C?

    <p>562 cm³</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a gas occupies 7.84 cm³ at 71.8 kPa and 25°C, what is its volume at STP?

    <p>5.09 cm³</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pressure of methane gas in a closed container if its volume changes from 15.8 dm³ to 8.7 dm³ while the temperature changes from 25°C to 18°C?

    <p>179.64 kPa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecular weight of a gas occupying 3.4 liters at 50°C and 0.94 atm if 5.75 grams are used?

    <p>47.91 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will be the volume of a red balloon that rises to an altitude where the pressure is 0.80 atm if its volume was initially 2.0 liters at sea level?

    <p>2.50 L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the temperature of a gas contained in a 2-liter vessel under a pressure of 1.21 atm, given 2 grams of oxygen gas?

    <p>198.6°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a neon gas occupies 15 L at STP, what is its volume at 2.0 atm and -25°C?

    <p>6.81 L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    States of Matter

    • Matter exists in four states: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma.
    • These states are determined by particle arrangement, energy, and distance between particles.

    Solids

    • Solid particles are tightly packed, vibrating around fixed positions.
    • Solids have a definite shape and volume.

    Liquids

    • Liquid particles are tightly packed, but mobile enough to slide past each other.
    • Liquids have a definite volume but an indefinite shape.

    Gases

    • Gas particles are widely spaced and move freely.
    • Gases have an indefinite shape and volume.

    Plasma

    • Plasma is an ionized gas.
    • Plasma is an excellent conductor of electricity and affected by magnetic fields.
    • Plasma, like gases, has an indefinite shape and volume.

    Kinetic Theory of Matter

    • Matter consists of particles in continuous, random motion.

    Characteristics of Gases

    • Gases assume the volume and shape of their containers.
    • Gases completely mix when in the same container.
    • Gases have much lower densities than liquids and solids.
    • Gases are highly compressible; volume decreases with increasing pressure.

    Temperature

    • Absolute temperature (Kelvin) should be used when dealing with gases.
    • °C = ( °F - 32 ) / 9
    • K = °C + 273

    Pressure

    • Barometers measure atmospheric pressure.
    • Manometers measure contained gas pressure.
    • Key units at sea level include:
      • 101.325 kPa (kilopascal)
      • 1 atm
      • 760 mm Hg
      • 760 torr
      • 14.7 psi
    • Pressure is force per unit area (N/m²).

    STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure)

    • Standard temperature is 0°C (273 K).
    • Standard pressure is 1 atm (101.325 kPa).

    Gas Laws

    • Boyle's Law: Pressure and volume are inversely related at constant temperature (P₁V₁ = P₂V₂).
    • Charles' Law: Volume and absolute temperature are directly related at constant pressure (V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂).
    • Avogadro's Law: Volume and number of moles are directly related at constant pressure and temperature (V₁/n₁ = V₂/n₂).
    • Gay-Lussac's Law: Pressure and absolute temperature are directly related at constant volume (P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂).
    • Combined Gas Law: Relates pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of a gas (P₁V₁/T₁n₁ = P₂V₂/T₂n₂).

    Gas Law Problems

    • Examples of applying gas laws to solve problems involving changes in pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles are provided. These calculations follow the respective gas law formulas.

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    Related Documents

    Gases Lecture 1 PDF

    Description

    Explore the different states of matter with this quiz! Learn about solids, liquids, gases, and plasma, as well as the kinetic theory that explains their behavior. Test your knowledge on how particle arrangement and energy influence the characteristics of each state.

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