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Questions and Answers
Solids have a definite volume but no definite shape.
False
In a solid, particles can move freely around each other.
False
Liquids adapt their volume to fit the container they are in.
False
Particles in a liquid state are held in a fixed position like in a solid.
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Gases have a definite shape and volume.
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Crystalline solids have particles packed in a randomly disordered pattern.
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Solids can easily change their shape without any external force acting on them.
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Liquids have a fixed shape but a variable volume.
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Particles in a gas are far apart and can move freely.
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Solids are characterized by having particles held together in a disorganized structure.
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Study Notes
States of Matter
Solid
In a solid, constituent particles (ions, atoms, or molecules) are closely packed together. The forces between particles are so strong that the particles cannot move freely but can only vibrate. As a result, a solid has a stable, definite shape, and a definite volume. Solids can only change their shape by an outside force, as when broken or cut. In crystalline solids, the particles (atoms, molecules, or ions) are packed in a regularly ordered, repeating pattern. There are various different crystal structures, and the same substance can have more than one structure (or solid phase). For example, ice has multiple phases depending on the conditions of pressure and temperature. Solids are rigid and have a certain form that is kept, even if temperature changes. They are characterized by having a fixed volume and shape, and the particles are held together in an organized structure.
Liquid
In the liquid state, the particles are close together but move freely. The particles are not held in a fixed position like in a solid, but they are not far apart like in a gas either. Liquids maintain a fixed volume (assuming no change in temperature or air pressure), but have a variable shape that adapts to fit its container. Liquids can flow and take on the shape of their container, and their particles can move relatively freely. Liquids are characterized by having a fixed volume and variable shape, and the particles are still close together but can move freely.
Gas
In the gaseous state, the particles are not close together and are not held in a fixed position. Gases have both variable volume and shape, adapting both to fit their container. Gases are highly compressible and can move freely. Gases usually occupy the full volume of the container, and their particles move rapidly in random directions. Gases are characterized by having a variable volume and shape, and the particles are neither close together nor fixed in place.
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Description
Learn about the characteristics and properties of solids, liquids, and gases. Understand how the arrangement and movement of particles differ in each state of matter.
