States of Matter Introduction Quiz

States of Matter

• A solid has a definite shape and volume at a given temperature and pressure.

Phase Transitions

• Water transitions into the gaseous state at 100°C (boiling point).
• The triple point is the temperature and pressure at which all three phases (solid, liquid, and gas) of a substance coexist in equilibrium.

Plasma

• Plasma is often referred to as the fourth state of matter.
• Plasma exists at very high temperatures.

Phase Equilibrium

• Water has all three phases in equilibrium at a pressure of 611.73 Pascals and a temperature of 0.01°C (triple point).

Gas Properties

• Pressure and the gaseous state are directly related: as pressure increases, the volume of a gas decreases.
• The number of moles of a gas is directly proportional to its mass.
• Volume is expressed in terms of liters (L) for gases.
• Temperature in the context of gases is the measure of the average kinetic energy of gas molecules.

Pressure and Altitude

• Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude.
• The SI unit of pressure is the Pascal (Pa).

Temperature Scales

• The Celsius scale measures temperature, with 0°C being the freezing point and 100°C being the boiling point of water.
• The Fahrenheit scale measures temperature, with 32°F being the freezing point and 212°F being the boiling point of water.
• The Kelvin scale is the absolute temperature scale, with 0 K being absolute zero.
• The conversion from Celsius to Fahrenheit is °F = (°C × 9/5) + 32.

Gas Interactions

• The force experienced by the walls of a container due to gas molecules' bombardment is pressure.

Standard Atmospheric Pressure

• The standard atmospheric pressure at sea level is 101,325 Pa, equivalent to a mercury column height of 760 mm.

Molar Mass

• The molar mass of a gas is the mass of one mole of the gas.
• The molar mass is proportional to the mass of a gas.